Slum Upgrading and Health Equity.
Slum Upgrading and Health Equity.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph14040342
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发表时间：
2017-03-24
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sverdlik A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corburn J;Sverdlik A
人们普遍认为，非正式住区的升级可以加强住房和促进经济发展，但其改善卫生公平的潜力往往被忽视。到2030年，地球上预计将有近七分之一的人居住在城市非正式住区或贫民窟。贫民窟改造是向城市贫民提供以地方为基础的环境和社会改善的过程，包括土地保有权、住房、基础设施、就业、卫生服务以及政治和社会包容。贫民窟改造的过程和产品可以解决健康的多种环境决定因素。本文回顾了亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲城市对城市贫民窟改造的评估，发现很少有城市能够捕捉到改造带来的多重健康好处。随着可持续发展目标(SDGs)的重点放在改善数十亿城市居民的福祉上，贫民窟改造应被视为促进健康、公平发展和减少气候变化脆弱性的关键战略。最后，我们对贫民窟改造如何更明确地获取其健康益处提出了建议，例如通过使用健康影响评估(HIA)和采用将城市健康纳入所有政策(HAP)框架。必须更明确地设计、实施和评估城市贫民窟改造，以获取其在全球环境健康方面的多重好处。
Informal settlement upgrading is widely recognized for enhancing shelter and promoting economic development, yet its potential to improve health equity is usually overlooked. Almost one in seven people on the planet are expected to reside in urban informal settlements, or slums, by 2030. Slum upgrading is the process of delivering place-based environmental and social improvements to the urban poor, including land tenure, housing, infrastructure, employment, health services and political and social inclusion. The processes and products of slum upgrading can address multiple environmental determinants of health. This paper reviewed urban slum upgrading evaluations from cities across Asia, Africa and Latin America and found that few captured the multiple health benefits of upgrading. With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on improving well-being for billions of city-dwellers, slum upgrading should be viewed as a key strategy to promote health, equitable development and reduce climate change vulnerabilities. We conclude with suggestions for how slum upgrading might more explicitly capture its health benefits, such as through the use of health impact assessment (HIA) and adopting an urban health in all policies (HiAP) framework. Urban slum upgrading must be more explicitly designed, implemented and evaluated to capture its multiple global environmental health benefits.