Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and Their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c06531
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发表时间：
2022-01-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jimenez, J. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peng, Z.;Pineda Rojas, A. L.;Jimenez, J. L.
包括COVID-19在内的一些传染病可以通过空气传播。这可能发生在非常接近的地方，但随着室内时间的增加，尽管距离很远，但在共享的房间空气中也会发生感染。针对这种情况，我们提出了两个传染风险指标，即相对风险参数（H-r）和风险参数（H）。它们将控制室内空气传播疾病的关键因素联合收割机结合在一起：含病毒气溶胶产生率、呼吸流速、掩蔽及其质量、通风和气溶胶去除率、居住者人数和暴露时间。COVID-19疫情显示出与空气传播感染一致的明显趋势，并提出了将传播风险降至最低的建议。大流行前典型室内空间的传播对缓解工作高度敏感。还评估了以前爆发的麻疹、流感和结核病。麻疹爆发的风险参数值远低于COVID-19，而结核病爆发的风险参数值较高。由于这两种疾病都被认为是空气传播的，因此COVID-19的传染性低于麻疹的事实并不排除空气传播。重要的是，未来的疫情报告应包括有关掩蔽、通风和气溶胶清除率、居住者人数和暴露持续时间的信息，以调查空气传播。
Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk parameter (H-r) and risk parameter (H). They combine the key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors: virus-containing aerosol generation rate, breathing flow rate, masking and its quality, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend that is consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk. Transmission in typical prepandemic indoor spaces is highly sensitive to mitigation efforts. Previous outbreaks of measles, influenza, and tuberculosis were also assessed. Measles outbreaks occur at much lower risk parameter values than COVID-19, while tuberculosis outbreaks are observed at higher risk parameter values. Because both diseases are accepted as airborne, the fact that COVID-19 is less contagious than measles does not rule out airborne transmission. It is important that future outbreak reports include information on masking, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure, to investigate airborne transmission.