Governance, Microgovernance and Health
Governance, Microgovernance and Health
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治理、微观治理和健康
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
S. Burris
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作者：
S. Burris
治理，我指的是对一个系统中事件进程的管理，从生态学的角度来看，是一个与健康有关的首要问题。治理主要包括维持社会关系、环境条件和分配对福祉至关重要的资源。谁来决定以及如何决定是实质性政策的关键驱动力。此外，至少有一些流行病学证据表明，人民参与社区治理的能力本身对健康具有重要意义。本文提出了一个新兴的理论“节点治理”来描述社会系统中的事件管理。使用这一理论的映射，评估，然后富有成效的“不稳定”这些系统进行了讨论，特别注意在何种程度上促进“微观治理”机构是一个合理的战略，以改善人口健康。节点治理关注的是治理如何发生-权力如何行使-在系统内的特定点上，因此提出了关于民主决策的基本规范问题。但是，这一理论显然对网络理论、系统理论和哈耶克的著作负有智力上的债务，它似乎也意味着对通常被概括在“风险社会”概念中的那种关于监管和法律的思考的挑战。“在论文的最后一节，我对社会治理的新的、构成性的范式进行了一些思考。
Governance, by which I mean the management of the course of events in a system, is an overarching issue of concern to health from an ecological point of view. Governance consists largely in the policing social relations, environmental conditions and the allocation of resources essential to well-being. Who decides, and how they decide, are key drivers of substantive policy. Moreover, there is at least some epidemiological evidence that the ability of people to participate in the governance of their communities is in itself significant for health. This paper offers an emerging theory of "nodal governance" to describe the management of events in social systems. The use of this theory in mapping, assessing and then productively "destabilizing" these systems is discussed, with particular attention to the extent to which promoting "microgovernance" institutions is a plausible strategy for improving population health. Nodal governance focuses attention on how governance happens - how power is wielded - at specific points within a system, and thus raises essential normative questions about democratic decision making. But the theory, with its obvious intellectual debts to network theory, systems theory and the work of Hayek, also seems to imply a challenge to the sort of thinking about regulation and law often encapsulated in the idea of the "risk society." In the final section of the paper I conclude with some speculations about new, constitutive paradigms for social governance.