Deconstructing Informality: A Response to Vulnerability or an Optimal Choice?
Deconstructing Informality: A Response to Vulnerability or an Optimal Choice?
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解构非正规性：对脆弱性的回应还是最佳选择？
DOI：
10.1142/9789813236189_0011
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhe Liang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lina Song;S. Appleton;Zhe Liang
近几十年来，中国非正规就业的快速增长引起了人们的关注，但要理解其影响，必须解构非正规性的概念。我们将就业状况重新分为三类：有长期合同的受薪工人；自营职业者；以及没有长期合同的临时工（在正规或非正规部门工作）。自雇人士的月收入远高于临时工（47%）。自营职业并不一定是一种不幸，它提供的灵活性对于某些类型的工人来说可能是最佳的。例如，自营职业者更有可能患有残疾并拥有年轻的家庭。从制度上看，散工和大部分农民工创业仍存在困难。尽管大量农民工是签订长期合同的雇员，但他们的农村户口意味着他们缺乏城市居民的社会保障。拥有农村户口的劳动力更有可能进入非正规部门，并且在该部门内最有可能从事临时工。鉴于非正规性对临时工的不利影响，支持小企业的政策可能是必要的。可以按照秘鲁的做法尝试实验性干预措施，为该群体的创业活动提供资金，以帮助他们摆脱贫困陷阱，获得更可持续的就业。技能培训、鼓励创新、税收抵免和减少创办小企业的制度限制都应该考虑在内。
The rapid growth of informal employment in China in recent decades has attracted attention, but to understand its implications, the concept of informality must be deconstructed. We reclassify employment status into three categories: salaried workers who have long-term contracts; the self-employed; and causal workers without long term contracts (working in either the formal or the informal sector). The monthly earnings of the self-employed are much (47%) higher than those casual employees. Self-employment is not necessarily a misfortune and the flexibility it provides may be optimal for some kinds of workers. For example, the self-employed are more likely to be disabled and to have young families. Institutionally, it is still difficult for casual workers and most rural-urban migrant workers to embark on business ownership. Although a large group of rural-urban migrants are employees with longer term contracts, their rural registration (hukou) means they lack the social protection of urban residents. The labour force with rural hukou is more likely to fall into the informal sector and, within that sector, is most likely to be engaged in casual labouring jobs. Policies to support small businesses may be warranted given the detrimental impacts of informality on casual workers. Experimental interventions could be tried along the lines of those used in Peru to provide funds to support entrepreneurial activities by this group to lift themselves out of a poverty trap into more sustainable employment. Skill training, encouragement for innovation, tax credits and reducing institutional constraints on starting up small business should be all considered.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Appleton, Simon;Song, Lina;Xia, Qingjie
通讯作者：
Xia, Qingjie