Natural selection and the genetics of adaptation in threespine stickleback
Natural selection and the genetics of adaptation in threespine stickleback
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2010.0036
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发表时间：
2010-08-27
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Rogers, Sean M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schluter, Dolph;Marchinko, Kerry B.;Rogers, Sean M.
对野生种群适应性的分子基础的了解不断增加，这扩大了自然选择的研究。我们总结了正在进行的努力，推断自然选择的三个方面的机制，形式和历史，从适应性进化的遗传学threespine刺鱼，殖民淡水后，最后一个冰河时代。我们测试了减少骨甲在淡水中的选择机制，通过跟踪基因型和等位基因频率的变化在一个潜在的主要位点（外胚层发育不良）在移植刺鱼种群。我们推断，在同一位点的基因型在一个人口多态性骨甲的破坏性选择。最后，我们比较了分布的表型效应大小的基因的基础上的身体形状的变化与模型预测的适应性峰移淡水殖民。选择对基因影响的研究补充了确定适应性差异的分子基础的努力，并提高了我们对表型进化的理解。
Growing knowledge of the molecular basis of adaptation in wild populations is expanding the study of natural selection. We summarize ongoing efforts to infer three aspects of natural selection-mechanism, form and history-from the genetics of adaptive evolution in threespine stickleback that colonized freshwater after the last ice age. We tested a mechanism of selection for reduced bony armour in freshwater by tracking genotype and allele frequency changes at an underlying major locus (Ectodysplasin) in transplanted stickleback populations. We inferred disruptive selection on genotypes at the same locus in a population polymorphic for bony armour. Finally, we compared the distribution of phenotypic effect sizes of genes underlying changes in body shape with that predicted by models of adaptive peak shifts following colonization of freshwater. Studies of the effects of selection on genes complement efforts to identify the molecular basis of adaptive differences, and improve our understanding of phenotypic evolution.