Compensation for exaggerated eye stalks in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)
Compensation for exaggerated eye stalks in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)
复制标题
茎眼蝇（Diopsidae）夸张眼柄的补偿
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Swallow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Husak;G. Ribak;G. Wilkinson;J. Swallow
1. 夸张的男性装饰品通常被假设为由于运动能力降低而增加被捕食的风险，然而支持这一命题的经验证据是模棱两可的。在某种程度上，由于补偿机制的演变抵消了有害影响，装饰品的当前成本可能难以在自然界中检测到。2. 与雌性相比，雄性柄眼蝇夸张的眼柄增加了它们的转动惯量，但雄性的飞行性能却没有下降。我们在7种柄眼蝇中测试了补偿的证据，检查了4种二态和3种单态的眼展和翅膀大小。3. 我们发现，在同一物种中，两种双态物种的雄性翅膀比雌性大，而在任何一种单态物种中都没有。在二态种雄性中，相对眼宽与相对翼面积之间存在正相关关系，表明存在补偿关系，而在二态种雌性中或在单态种雄性和雌性中均没有这种关系。4. 我们提出，在相关研究和实验研究中，检测与饰品尺寸相关的补偿能力是测试饰品成本的有力方法。
1. Exaggerated male ornaments often are hypothesised to increase predation risk due to reduced locomotor performance, yet empirical evidence supporting this proposition is equivocal. In part, current costs of ornaments may be difficult to detect in nature due to the evolution of compensatory mechanisms that offset detrimental effects. 2. The exaggerated eye stalks of male stalk-eyed flies increase their moment of inertia compared with females, yet males do not suffer a flight performance decrement. We tested for evidence of compensation within seven species of stalk-eyed flies, examining eyespan and wing size in four dimorphic and three monomorphic species. 3. We found that, within species, males had larger wings than females in two species dimorphic for eyespan but not in any monomorphic species. In males of the dimorphic species, there were positive relationships between relative eyespan and relative wing area, indicating compensation, whereas there were no such relationships in females of the dimorphic species or in either males or females of the monomorphic species. 4. We propose that examining compensatory abilities relative to ornament size is a powerful way to test for costs of ornaments in correlational and experimental studies.