Gender-specific pollinator preference for floral traits
Gender-specific pollinator preference for floral traits
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02028.x
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ellis, Allan G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Jager, Marinus L.;Ellis, Allan G.
不同传粉者类型之间的转换被认为是被子植物花多样性中趋异选择的主要来源。然而，传粉物种可以表现出很大的种内变异，特别是性别之间，在关键的形态和行为特征，决定他们与花的相互作用。这种花的多样化的潜在机制仍然在很大程度上未被探索。蜜蜂苍蝇，Megapalpus capensis，是一系列具有性别欺骗性的雏菊Gorteria diffusa的花型的主要传粉者。果蝇表现出强烈的性别特异性的相互作用与可变的昆虫样斑点的特点G.diffusa花序。为了探索这些斑点的视觉，触觉和嗅觉成分的男性和女性传粉者的偏好的变化，以及其对花卉多样化的影响，我们使用了一系列的二元选择测试，我们操纵个别斑点组件。男性和女性苍蝇表现出对比的喜好，女性喜欢简单的斑点，避免紫外线的亮点，而男性更喜欢任何额外的视觉和触觉表型的复杂性。花的气味引起了显着的偏好，仅在女性，这表明，与兰花相比，在G.diffusa性欺骗主要是通过视觉模仿女性传粉者。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，昆虫样斑点的精心制作是根据雄性偏好而进化的，并表明在雄性和雌性苍蝇的吸引力之间存在权衡，传粉者在花的偏好和行为上表现出性别差异，这是导致被子植物花的分化选择的另一个潜在来源。多样化经营。
Shifts between alternative pollinator types are regarded as the main source of divergent selection underlying angiosperm floral diversification. However, pollinating species can exhibit substantial intraspecific variation, particularly between genders, in key morphological and behavioural traits determining their interactions with flowers. This potential mechanism of floral diversification remains largely unexplored. The bee fly, Megapalpus capensis, is the predominant pollinator of the remarkable array of floral forms of the sexually deceptive daisy Gorteria diffusa. Flies exhibit strong gender-specific interactions with the variable insect-like spots which characterize G.diffusa inflorescences. In order to explore variation in the preferences of male and female pollinators for the visual, tactile and olfactory components of these spots, and its implications for floral diversification, we used a sequence of binary choice tests where we manipulated individual spot components. Male and female flies exhibited contrasting preferences for spot components with females preferring simplistic spots and avoiding UV highlights, whilst males prefer any additional visual and tactile phenotypic complexity. Floral odour alone elicited significant preference in females only, indicating that, in contrast to orchids, sexual deception in G.diffusa is achieved largely through visual mimicry of female pollinators. Our results clearly show that elaboration of the insect-like spots has evolved in response to male preferences and suggest that a trade-off exists between the attraction of male and female flies, which may have contributed to the divergence in floral phenotype between morphotypes of G.diffusa Pollinators exhibit gender differences in floral preferences and behaviour which is another potential source of divergent selection contributing to angiosperm floral diversification.