Cognitive arithmetic and problem solving: A comparison of children with specific and general mathematics difficulties
Cognitive arithmetic and problem solving: A comparison of children with specific and general mathematics difficulties
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DOI：
10.1177/002221949703000606
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Montani, TO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jordan, NC;Montani, TO
本研究考察了有数学困难（MD）的两组三年级儿童的问题解决和数字事实技能：MD特异性（n = 12）和MD通用性（n = 12）。医学特殊组在数学上有困难，但在阅读上没有，而医学一般组在阅读和数学上都有困难。对照组为未受损儿童（n = 24）。研究结果表明，在故事和数字事实问题上，特定障碍组在限时条件下的表现比非限时条件下的表现差。另一方面，无论任务是否定时，一般医生组的表现都比正常组差。一项对非定时条件下儿童策略的分析表明，与未受损组相比，md特异性组和md一般组都更多地依赖于备用策略。然而，与MD-general组的儿童相比，MD-specific组的儿童更熟练地执行备份策略，这使得他们在任务不定时的情况下与非受损组的儿童达到了同等水平。研究结果表明，患有特殊认知障碍的儿童在事实检索方面存在局限性缺陷，而患有一般认知障碍的儿童在问题概念化和计算程序执行方面存在更多的基本延迟。
This study examined problem-solving and number-fact skills in two subgroups of third-grade children with mathematics difficulties (MD): MD-specific (n = 12) and MD-general (n = 12). The MD-specific group had difficulties in mathematics but not in reading, and the MD-general group had difficulties in reading as well as in mathematics. A comparison group of nonimpaired children (n = 24) also was included. The findings showed that on both story and number-fact problems, the MD-specific group performed worse than the nonimpaired group in timed conditions but not in untimed conditions. The MD-general group, on the other hand, performed worse than the nonimpaired group, regardless of whether tasks were timed or not. An analysis of children's strategies in untimed conditions showed that both the MD-specific and the MD-general groups relied more on backup strategies than the nonimpaired group. However, children in the MD-specific group executed backup strategies more skillfully than children in the MD-general group, allowing them to achieve parity with children in the nonimpaired group when tasks were not timed. The findings suggest that children with specific MD have circumscribed deficits associated with fact retrieval, whereas children with general MD have more basic delays associated with problem conceptualization and execution of calculation procedures.