Executive functions
Executive functions
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-804281-6.00011-2
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grafman, Jordan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cristofori, Irene;Cohen-Zimerman, Shira;Grafman, Jordan
执行功能（EF）包括高阶认知能力，例如工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性、计划、推理和解决问题。 EF 使人类能够实现目标、适应新的日常生活情况并管理社交互动。传统上，EF 与额叶功能有关。最近的证据表明，后部和皮质下区域在 EF 处理中也发挥着至关重要的作用，特别是在感觉信息和情绪的整合中。本章基于病灶绘图和神经影像学研究，以及康复干预的证据、基于标准和生态有效测试的神经心理学评估、脑损伤后执行功能恢复的发育和遗传倾向，回顾了 EF 的多样性及其神经基础。总而言之，EF 对于人类独特的能力至关重要，对其子组成部分进行更仔细的分析可能有助于开发有针对性的转化干预措施来提高这些能力。
Executive functions (EFs) include high-order cognitive abilities such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning, and problem solving. EFs enable humans to achieve goals, adapt to novel everyday life situations, and manage social interactions. Traditionally EFs have been associated with frontal lobe functioning. More recent evidence shows that posterior and subcortical regions also play a crucial role in EF processing, especially in the integration of sensory information and emotion. This chapter reviews the variety of EFs and their neural underpinning, based on lesion mapping and neuroimaging studies, as well as the evidence for rehabilitation interventions, neuropsychological assessment based on standard and ecologically valid tests, development, and genetic predisposition for recovery of executive functions after brain injury. Taken together, the EFs are critical for unique human abilities and more careful analyses of their subcomponents may help the development of targeted translational interventions to improve them.