Structural units and the redintegrative power of picture fragments.
Structural units and the redintegrative power of picture fragments.
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.2.4.456
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发表时间：
1976-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gordon H. Bower;Arnold L. Glass
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文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon H. Bower;Arnold L. Glass
我们假设线条图在记忆中被感知并表示为相关部分和子部分的层次结构，如共同方向和空间接近度等格式塔定律所规定的那样。因此，包含最初研究模式的自然部分的图形片段应该作为重新整合该模式的记忆的强大检索线索，而表明没有误导性单元的单位的同样大的片段应该导致较差的回忆。这在一项实验中得到了证实，在该实验中，受试者研究了 33 张无意义的线条画；对每个内容的回忆都通过原始模式的好的、平庸的或坏的（误导性的）片段进行测试。好的线索的红整合能力比坏的线索高出大约五倍。第二个测试多项选择识别记忆的实验表明，受试者将最初研究的模式与结构相似的干扰项混淆的频率大约是结构不相似的干扰项（具有相同大小的变化）的四倍。因此，由片段引起的记忆线索和带有稍加改变的干扰物的记忆混乱表明了图形的重要组成部分。
We suppose that line drawings are perceived and represented in memory as a hierarchy of related parts and subparts, as dictated by Gestalt laws like common direction and spatial proximity. Therefore, a figure fragment comprising a natural part of an orginally studied pattern should serve as a strong retrieval cue for redintegrating memory for the pattern, whereas an equally large fragment suggesting either no units of misleading units should lead to poorer recall. This was confirmed in an experiment in which subjects studied 33 nonsense line drawings; recall of each was tested with good, mediocre, or bad (misleading) fragments of the original patterns. Good cues had about five time more redintegrative power than bad cues. A second experiment testing multiple-choice recognition memory showed that subjects confused an originally studied pattern about four times as often with a structurally similar distractor as with a structurally dissimilar distractor (which had an equal-sized change). Thus, memory cuing by fragments and memory confusions with slightly altered distractors indicate the significant constitutents of a figure.