Recent developments and current status of hybrid rocket propulsion
Recent developments and current status of hybrid rocket propulsion
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混合火箭推进的最新进展及现状
DOI：
10.2514/6.1964-226
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发表时间：
1964
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. A. Rains
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. D. Ordahl;W. A. Rains
可针对特定应用设计高效、高能量的混合动力电机。高冲量和可变推力能力已得到证实。新的推进剂系统和改进的发动机设计使脉冲效率超过93%，几乎完全利用燃料，燃烧速率接近常规固体推进剂。改进的节流技术可以在10：1的推力范围内提供有效的性能。良好的燃烧效率和燃料利用率是由于对燃烧区气体流动特性的研究以及将研究结果应用于喷射器、药柱和燃烧室的设计。通过研究燃料表面固有的质量和热量传递机制，并通过配制含有先进成分的燃料来增加固体的分解和蒸发，已经开发出了快速燃烧的燃料。虽然在很大的推力范围内的随机节流与推力水平的开/关或编程调制无关，但预计它将成为未来应用的关键要求。这个问题已经通过在燃料颗粒下游注入补充氧化剂的方法在实验中得到解决，从而在整个推力范围内保持高性能。此外，燃烧现象的分析表明，必须控制哪些机制和参数，以允许仅在头端喷射氧化剂的情况下进行完全随机节流。
Efficient, high-energy hybrid motors can be designed for specific applications. High impulse and variable thrust capabilities have been proved. New propellant systems and improved motor designs have led to impulse efficiencies > 93%, nearly total fuel utilization, and burning rates approximating those of conventional solid propellants. Improved throttling techniques can provide efficient performance over a thrust range of 10:1. The good combustion efficiencies and fuel utilization have resulted from studies of the gas-flow behavior in the combustion zone and application of the results to the design of injectors, grains, and combustion chambers. The rapid-burning fuels have been developed by examining the massand heat- transfer mechanisms inherent at the fuel surface and by formulating fuels containing advanced ingredients to increase decomposition and vaporization of the solid. Although random throttling over an extensive thrust range is of no concern for on/off or programed modulation of thrust levels, it is expected to become a critical requirement for future applications. This problem has been resolved experimentally by injecting make-up oxidizer downstream of the fuel grain, thus maintaining high performance over the entire thrust range. In addition, analyses of combustion phenomena have shown which mechanisms and parameters must be controlled to allow complete random throttling with only head- end injection of the oxidizer.