Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States
Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2004.10.027
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang, MQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frary, CD;Johnson, RK;Wang, MQ
这项研究提供了美国人口的代表性样本的咖啡因摄入量的信息，使用美国农业部1994年至1996年和1998年的个人食物摄入量持续调查。咖啡因消费者占总样本（N= 18，081）的百分比，并按年龄和性别组以及孕妇进行了测定。在咖啡因消费者中（n= 15，716），测定了以下内容：咖啡因的平均摄入量（毫克/天和毫克/千克/天），以及每个年龄和性别组和孕妇;平均摄入量（毫克/天）的咖啡因的食物和饮料来源;以及每种食品和饮料类别对所有咖啡因消费者以及每个年龄和性别组和孕妇的咖啡因摄入量的百分比。87%的样本食用含有咖啡因的食物和饮料。平均而言，咖啡因消费者的摄入量为每天193毫克咖啡因，每天每公斤体重1.2毫克咖啡因。随着年龄的增长，2至54岁的人的咖啡因消费量增加。35至64岁的男性和女性是咖啡因的最高消费者。咖啡因的主要来源是咖啡（71%），软饮料（16%）和茶（12%）。咖啡是成人饮食中咖啡因的主要来源，而软饮料是儿童和青少年的主要来源。
This study provides information on the caffeine intakes of a representative sample of the US population using the US Department of Agriculture 1994 to 1996 and 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. The percentage of caffeine consumers of the total sample (N=18,081) and by age and sex groups and for pregnant women were determined. Among caffeine consumers (n=15,716), the following were determined: mean intakes of caffeine (milligrams per day and milligrams per kilogram per day) for all caffeine consumers, as well as for each age and sex group and pregnant women; mean intakes (milligrams per day) of caffeine by food and beverage sources; and the percent contribution of each food and beverage category to total caffeine intake for all caffeine consumers, as well as each age and sex group and pregnant women. Eight-seven percent of the sample consumed food and beverages containing caffeine. On average, caffeine consumers' intakes were 193 mg caffeine per day and 1.2 mg caffeine per kilogram of body weight per day. As age increased, caffeine consumption increased among people aged 2 to 54 years. Men and women aged 35 to 64 years were among the highest consumers of caffeine. Major sources of caffeine were coffee (71%), soft drinks (16%), and tea (12%). Coffee was the major source of caffeine in the diets of adults, whereas soft drinks were the primary source for children and teens.