Reactive and effortful processes in the organization of temperament
Reactive and effortful processes in the organization of temperament
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579497001375
复制
发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rothbart, MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derryberry, D;Rothbart, MK
可以从气质的组成系统内部以及各组成系统之间发生的发展过程来探讨自我组织。系统内组织涉及皮质下动机系统对皮质表征的逐步塑造。随着皮质表征的发展，它们会反馈回来，为动机系统提供更强的探测和引导能力。这些相互影响可能会放大潜在的动机功能，并导致过度冲动或焦虑。然而，这些过程也取决于动机系统和注意系统之间产生的相互作用。我们通过考虑与恐惧相关的反应性注意过程以及与努力控制相关的更具自主性的过程对趋近动机的调节，来讨论这些系统间的影响。有人认为，焦虑和冲动的精神病理学可能反映了这两种控制手段的局限性，其表现形式可能是过度调节以及调节不足。
Self-organization can be approached in terms of developmental processes occurring within and between component systems of temperament. Within-system organization involves progressive shaping of cortical representations by subcortical motivational systems. As cortical representations develop, they feed back to provide motivational systems with enhanced detection and guidance capabilities. These reciprocal influences may amplify the underlying motivational functions and promote excessive impulsivity or anxiety. However, these processes also depend upon interactions arising between motivational and attentional systems. We discuss these between-system effects by considering the regulation of approach motivation by reactive attentional processes related to fear and by more voluntary processes related to effortful control. It is suggested that anxious and impulsive psychopathology may reflect limitations in these dual means of control, which can take the form of overregulation as well as underregulation.