The United States twenty-year experience with bombing incidents: implications for terrorism preparedness and medical response.
The United States twenty-year experience with bombing incidents: implications for terrorism preparedness and medical response.
复制标题
美国二十年爆炸事件经验：对恐怖主义准备和医疗反应的影响。
DOI：
10.1097/01.ta.0000197853.49084.3c
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Phillip L. Rice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G Bobby Kapur;H. Hutson;Mark A. Davis;Phillip L. Rice
背景
恐怖主义爆炸仍然是美国的一个重大威胁。然而，关于轰炸造成的医疗和公共卫生影响的纵向数据极少。
方法
我们对1983年1月至2002年12月期间因爆炸、燃烧、过早爆炸和爆炸未遂造成的事件、受伤和死亡的数量进行了回顾性分析。根据动机、目标位置和所用材料对发病率和死亡率进行了评价。
结果
在美国，有36，110起爆炸事件，5，931人受伤，699人死亡。爆炸性爆炸21，237起（58.8%），燃烧弹爆炸6，185起（17.1%），过早爆炸1，107起（3.1%），爆炸未遂7，581起（21.0%）。在已知动机的爆炸性爆炸事件中，72.9%的受伤和73.8%的死亡是因为他杀。在已知动机的燃烧弹爆炸中，68.2%的受伤是因为勒索和报复，53.5%的死亡是由于他杀。私人住宅占事故的29.0%，受伤的31.5%，死亡的55.5%。政府设施占事故的4.4%，但12.7%的受伤和25.5%的死亡发生在政府设施。在已知材料的爆炸中，硝酸盐基化肥占受伤人数的36.2%和死亡人数的30.4%，无烟火药和黑火药占受伤人数的33.2%和死亡人数的27.1%。
结论
非法爆炸和相关伤害在美国经常发生。由于爆炸材料很容易获得，政府机构和医疗保健提供者应该为潜在的大规模伤亡爆炸做好准备。
BACKGROUND
Terrorist bombings remain a significant threat in the United States. However, minimal longitudinal data exists regarding the medical and public health impact because of bombings.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the number of incidents, injuries, and deaths because of explosive, incendiary, premature, and attempted bombings from January 1983 to December 2002. Morbidity and mortality by motives, target locations, and materials used were evaluated.
RESULTS
In the United States, 36,110 bombing incidents, 5,931 injuries, and 699 deaths were reported. There were 21,237 (58.8%) explosive bombings, 6,185 (17.1%) incendiary bombings, 1,107 (3.1%) premature bombings, and 7,581 (21.0%) attempted bombings. For explosive bombings with known motives, 72.9% of injuries and 73.8% of deaths were because of homicide. For incendiary bombings with known motives, 68.2% of injuries were because of extortion and revenge, and 53.5% of deaths were due to homicide. Private residences accounted for 29.0% of incidents, 31.5% of injuries, and 55.5% of deaths. Government installations accounted for 4.4% of incidents but were the site of 12.7% of injuries and 25.5% of deaths. In bombings with known materials, nitrate-based fertilizers accounted for 36.2% of injuries and 30.4% of deaths, and smokeless powder and black powder accounted for 33.2% of injuries and 27.1% of deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
Illegal bombings and related injuries commonly occur in the United States. Because of the easy availability of bombing materials, government agencies and healthcare providers should prepare for potential mass-casualty bombings.