DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45.
DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.042
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发表时间:
2008-12-26
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Cairns BR
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rai K;Huggins IJ;James SR;Karpf AR;Jones DA;Cairns BR
Evidence for active DNA demethylation in vertebrates is accumulating, but the mechanisms and enzymes remain unclear. Using zebrafish embryos we provide evidence for 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) removal in vivo via the coupling of a 5-meC deaminase (AID, which converts 5-meC to thymine) and a G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase (Mbd4). The injection of methylated DNA into embryos induced a potent DNA demethylation activity, which was attenuated by depletion of AID or the non enzymatic factor Gadd45. Remarkably, overexpression of the deaminase/glycosylase pair AID/Mbd4 in vivo caused demethylation of the bulk genome and injected methylated DNA fragments, likely involving a G:T intermediate. Furthermore, AID or Mbd4 knockdown caused the remethylation of a set of common genes. Finally, Gadd45 promoted demethylation and enhanced functional interactions between deaminase/glycosylase pairs. Our results provide evidence for a coupled mechanism of 5-meC demethylation, whereby AID deaminates 5-meC, followed by thymine base excision by Mbd4, promoted by Gadd45.
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