DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45.

DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.042
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发表时间:
2008-12-26
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Cairns BR
Cairns BR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rai K;Huggins IJ;James SR;Karpf AR;Jones DA;Cairns BR

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脊椎动物中存在活性DNA去甲基化的证据不断增加,但其机制和相关酶仍不明确。我们利用斑马鱼胚胎,提供了体内通过一种5 - 甲基胞嘧啶(5 - meC)脱氨酶(AID,可将5 - meC转化为胸腺嘧啶)和一种G:T错配特异性胸腺嘧啶糖基化酶(Mbd4)的偶联作用去除5 - meC的证据。将甲基化DNA注入胚胎可诱导一种有效的DNA去甲基化活性,而AID的缺失或非酶因子Gadd45的缺失会减弱这种活性。值得注意的是,体内脱氨酶/糖基化酶对AID/Mbd4的过表达导致了大部分基因组以及注入的甲基化DNA片段的去甲基化,可能涉及一种G:T中间体。此外,AID或Mbd4的敲低导致了一组常见基因的重新甲基化。最后,Gadd45促进了去甲基化,并增强了脱氨酶/糖基化酶对之间的功能相互作用。我们的研究结果为5 - meC去甲基化的一种偶联机制提供了证据,即AID使5 - meC脱氨,随后由Mbd4切除胸腺嘧啶碱基,此过程由Gadd45促进。
Evidence for active DNA demethylation in vertebrates is accumulating, but the mechanisms and enzymes remain unclear. Using zebrafish embryos we provide evidence for 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) removal in vivo via the coupling of a 5-meC deaminase (AID, which converts 5-meC to thymine) and a G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase (Mbd4). The injection of methylated DNA into embryos induced a potent DNA demethylation activity, which was attenuated by depletion of AID or the non enzymatic factor Gadd45. Remarkably, overexpression of the deaminase/glycosylase pair AID/Mbd4 in vivo caused demethylation of the bulk genome and injected methylated DNA fragments, likely involving a G:T intermediate. Furthermore, AID or Mbd4 knockdown caused the remethylation of a set of common genes. Finally, Gadd45 promoted demethylation and enhanced functional interactions between deaminase/glycosylase pairs. Our results provide evidence for a coupled mechanism of 5-meC demethylation, whereby AID deaminates 5-meC, followed by thymine base excision by Mbd4, promoted by Gadd45.
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