Mechanisms of protein balance in skeletal muscle.
Mechanisms of protein balance in skeletal muscle.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.012
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Anthony TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anthony TG
在气候变化和对畜牧业可持续性的关注的背景下，全球对充足蛋白质营养的需求不断增加，需要采用新的和更有效的方法来促进牲畜生长和生产。当新的合成速度超过周转速度，产生正的净蛋白质平衡时，合成代谢生长就实现了。相反，瘦质量的恶化或萎缩是净负蛋白质平衡的结果。在生命早期和生长时期，肌肉质量是由mRNA翻译水平上蛋白质合成的增加所驱动的。在整个生命过程中，肌肉质量进一步受到自噬和泛素蛋白酶体途径等降解过程的影响。多种信号转导网络与质量控制机制一起指导和协调这些过程以维持蛋白质稳态（proteostasis）。基因、激素和环境刺激都会影响蛋白质平衡的控制，改变肌肉生长的能力和/或效率。概述了最近的发现和目前的方法来评估肌肉蛋白质平衡和蛋白质平衡。目前的努力是通过选择育种设计或开发激效策略来确定新的控制点，以更好地促进环境胁迫下的生长和健康。
Increased global demand for adequate protein nutrition against a backdrop of climate change and concern for animal agriculture sustainability necessitates new and more efficient approaches to livestock growth and production. Anabolic growth is achieved when rates of new synthesis exceed turnover, producing a positive net protein balance. Conversely, deterioration or atrophy of lean mass is a consequence of a net negative protein balance. During early life and periods of growth, muscle mass is driven by increases in protein synthesis at the level of mRNA translation. Throughout life, muscle mass is further influenced by degradative processes such as autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Multiple signal transduction networks guide and coordinate these processes alongside quality control mechanisms to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Genetics, hormones and environmental stimuli each influence proteostasis control, altering capacity and/or efficiency of muscle growth. An overview of recent findings and current methods to assess muscle protein balance and proteostasis is presented. Current efforts to identify novel control points have the potential through selective breeding design or development of hormetic strategies to better promote growth and health span during environmental stress.