First record of malformations in males of Ucides occidentalis (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador
First record of malformations in males of Ucides occidentalis (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador
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DOI：
10.1163/15685403-00003678
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
René Zambrano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
René Zambrano
红树林蟹 Ucides occidentalis（Ortmann，1897）栖息在从墨西哥（下加利福尼亚州）到秘鲁（通贝斯）的美国西海岸，包括厄瓜多尔大陆海岸（Bright & Hogue，1972；Muñiz & Peralta，1983）。雄性西蟹代表了厄瓜多尔的渔业资源，2013 年从瓜亚基尔湾上岸的螃蟹数量超过 500 万只（参见 http://www.institutopesca.gob.ec）。 Ucides occidentalis 渔业是一个长期存在的现象，自 1973 年以来一直被视为重要的商业活动。因此，国家渔业研究所（Instituto Nacional de Pesca）开始对瓜亚基尔湾某些地区（例如莫罗港）的商业渔获量进行研究（Barragán，1993）。尽管渔业很重要，但没有关于该物种畸形的报道，这令人惊讶，因为自 1800 年以来就有十足目甲壳类动物的畸形记录，并且是影响自然种群的常见现象（Aguirre & Hendrickx，2005；Follesa 等，2008；Fernandes 等，2011）。畸形（也称为异常或畸形）是发育过程中产生的形态缺陷，通常与蜕皮有关。这会产生不成比例的身体部位、某些身体部位的不规则形状和/或额外的附属物（Araújo & Calado，2012）。畸形可能是由自然过程（例如受伤）引起的，也可能是由污染物（例如重金属）引起的（Shuster 等，1963；Shelton 等，1981；Weis 等，1986）。
The mangrove crab Ucides occidentalis (Ortmann, 1897) inhabits the west coast of America from Mexico (Baja California) to Peru (Tumbes), including the Ecuadorian continental coast (Bright & Hogue, 1972; Muñiz & Peralta, 1983). Males of U. occidentalis represent a fishery resource for Ecuador, and their landings comprised over five million crabs from the Gulf of Guayaquil in 2013 (see http://www.institutopesca.gob.ec). The Ucides occidentalis fishery is a long-standing phenomenon, and since 1973 has been considered an important commercial activity. Accordingly, the National Fisheries Institute (Instituto Nacional de Pesca) began studies on the commercial catches of some areas (e.g., Puerto del Morro) in the Gulf of Guayaquil (Barragán, 1993). Despite the importance of the fishery, there are no reports of malformations in this species, which is surprising, because malformations have been recorded in decapod crustaceans since 1800, and are a common phenomenon affecting natural populations (Aguirre & Hendrickx, 2005; Follesa et al., 2008; Fernandes et al., 2011). Malformations (also termed abnormalities or deformities) are morphological defects generated during development, usually related to ecdysis. This produces disproportionate body parts, irregular forms of some body segments, and/or additional appendages (Araújo & Calado, 2012). Malformations can be caused by a natural process (e.g., injuries) or induced by pollutants (e.g., heavy metals) (Shuster et al., 1963; Shelton et al., 1981; Weis et al., 1986).