Rethinking speed theories of cognitive development - Increasing the rate of recall without affecting accuracy
Rethinking speed theories of cognitive development - Increasing the rate of recall without affecting accuracy
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01666.x
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Hismjatullina, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, N;Elliott, EM;Hismjatullina, A
研究人员认为，即时记忆的发展改善源于思维过程速度的提高。然而，这一推论依赖于相关、回归和结构方程模型的证据。我们在两个实验中提供了反例，其中口头回忆的速度被操纵。在一项实验中，当以每秒两个数字的速度呈现数字列表时，二年级儿童和成人回忆数字列表的速度比平时更快。在第二个实验中，孩子们以每秒一个项目的速度收到列表；一半的孩子被训练（成功地）说得比平时更快，速度与成年人的正常速度相似。回忆准确性完全不受任何一种反应速度操作的影响。因此，虽然反应率是一个人成熟程度的有力标志，但它似乎并不能决定即时回忆的准确性。这些结果对人类发展具有重要的方法论和理论意义。
Researchers have suggested that developmental improvements in immediate recall stem from increases in the speed of mental processes. However, that inference has depended on evidence from correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling. We provide counterexamples in two experiments in which the speed of spoken recall was manipulated. In one experiment, second-grade children and adults recalled lists of digits more quickly than usual when the lists were presented at a rapid rate of two items per second. In a second experiment, children received lists at a rate of one item per second; half the children were trained (successfully) to speak their responses more quickly than usual, at a rate similar to adults' usual rate. Recall accuracy was completely unaffected by either of these response-speed manipulations. Thus, although response rate is a strong marker of an individual's maturational level, it does not appear to determine the accuracy of immediate recall. These results have important methodological and theoretical implications for human development.