The natural environment as a playground for children - Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape
The natural environment as a playground for children - Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00045-1
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发表时间：
2000-04-20
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Sageie, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fjortoft, I;Sageie, J
先前的研究解释了儿童的地方经验和他们对未建成和非结构化环境的特殊偏好。然而，自然环境对儿童学习和发展的影响一直是儿童研究中的一个低优先级主题，自然游戏景观对儿童的重要性也被忽视。本研究的重点是一个自然环境，一个小森林，作为儿童的游戏景观。森林被一所幼儿园用作传统户外游乐场的补充，通过对5岁、6岁和7岁幼儿园儿童的实验研究，调查了这种景观可能对儿童运动发育的影响。景观描述和分析的方法，景观生态学和地貌学的地理信息系统（GIS）实现。我们发现，自然景观的质量，以满足儿童的需要，一个刺激和多样化的游戏环境。景观生态学指标表明，研究区的多样性，均匀度和异质性的高价值。植被和地形的多样性对应于功能相关的结构，提供了多功能的发挥。研究表明，景观结构和游戏功能之间有很强的关系。植被多样性与植物社会学和地貌学有关，地形多样性与坡度和粗糙度有关。景观元素的多样性，如植被和地形，可以被认为是自然游乐景观质量的一个方面。这个游戏场景包括儿童运动健身训练的基础。通过全方位的游戏和探索自然的游戏景观，儿童的运动健身得到了改善。这证明了自然游戏场景对儿童运动能力的学习效果。本文将主要集中在景观描述和启示的多才多艺的发挥。(C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
Previous studies have explained children's experience of place and their special preferences for the unbuilt and unstructured environment. However, the impact of a natural environment on children's learning and development has been a topic of low priority within child research and the importance of natural playscapes for children has also been neglected in physical planning. The present study focuses on a natural environment, a small forest, as a playscape for children. The forest was used by a kindergarten as a supplement to their traditional outdoor playground and the impact such a landscape might have on children's motor development was investigated through an experimental study on kindergarten children aged 5, 6 and 7 years of age. The landscape was described and analyzed by methods of landscape ecology and geomorphology implemented in a geographical information system (GIS). We found that the natural landscape had qualities to meet the children's needs for a stimulating and varied play environment. Landscape ecology metrics showed high values for diversity, evenness and heterogeneity for the study area. The diversity of vegetation and topography corresponded to function-related structures that afforded versatile play. The study indicated a strong relation between landscape structure and play functions. The diversity of the vegetation was related to phytosociology and physiognomy, while the diversity of topography was related to slope and roughness. Diversity in landscape elements such as vegetation and topography might be considered a dimension of quality for a natural playscape. This playscape comprised the ground for training of motor fitness in children. Through ail-round playing and exploring the natural playscape, the children's motor fitness was improved. This proved the learning effects from a natural playscape on children's motor abilities. This paper will focus mainly on the landscape descriptions and the affordance of versatile play. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.