Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry
Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry
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中国常州细颗粒物化学特征及离线气溶胶质谱来源解析
DOI：
10.5194/acp-17-2573-2017
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Xinlei Ge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhaolian Ye;Jiashu Liu;Aijun Gu;Feifei Feng;Yuhai Liu;Chenglu Bi;Jianzhong Xu;Ling Li;Hui Chen;Yanfang Chen;Liang Dai;Quanfa Zhou;Xinlei Ge
抽象。在人口稠密地区的气溶胶化学知识是有效减少空气污染的关键，而这样的研究还没有进行在常州，一个重要的制造业基地和人口密集的城市在长江三角洲（YRD），中国。这项工作首次对2015年7月至2016年4月在该市四个季节收集的细颗粒物（PM2.5）样品进行了彻底的化学表征。采用一套分析技术测量PM2. 5中的有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）、水溶性有机碳（WSOC）、水溶性无机离子（WSIIs）、微量元素和多环芳烃（PAHs）;特别是，部署了Aerodyne煤烟颗粒气溶胶质谱仪（SP-AMS）来探测水溶性有机气溶胶（WSOA）的化学性质。PM2.5的平均浓度为108.3 µg m−3，所有已识别的物种都能够重建约80%的PM2.5质量。WSII占PM2.5质量的一半（约52.1%），主要离子为SO 42-、NO3-和NH 4+。平均而言，硝酸盐浓度占主导地位的硫酸盐（质量比为1.21），表明交通排放比固定源更重要。有机碳和电导率相关性较好，冬季有机碳闪烁电导率最高（5.16），表明有机碳来源复杂，可能包括次生源和原生源。冬季PM2.5中Mn、Zn、Al、B、Cr、Cu、Fe、Pb等8种微量元素的贡献率可达5.0%左右。冬季的多环芳烃浓度也很高（140.25 ng m−3），主要是中/高分子量的五环和六环多环芳烃。PM2.5中有机物（包括水溶性和水不溶性有机物）占总质量的21.5%。SP-AMS确定WSOA的平均原子氧碳比（O scinC）、氢碳比（H scinC）、氮碳比（N scinC）和有机物碳比（OM scinOC）分别为0.54、1.69、0.11和1.99。WSOA的源解析进一步确定了两个次要OA（SOA）因素（氧化程度较低和氧化程度较高的含氧OA）和两个主要OA（POA）因素（富氮烃类交通OA和当地主要OA可能包括来自烹饪，燃煤等的物种）。平均而言，POA的贡献超过SOA（55%对45%），表明本地人为排放在常州气溶胶污染中的重要作用。我们的测量还显示了丰富的有机氮物种在WSOA，和源分析表明，这些物种可能与交通排放，这需要更多的调查从其他地点的PM样品。
Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for effective reduction of air pollution, while such studies have not been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and populated city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in this city. A suite of analytical techniques was employed to measure the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentration was found to be 108.3 µg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ∼ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (∼ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating that traffic emissions were more important than stationary sources. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC ∕ EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondary and primary ones. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to ∼ 5.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAH concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ∼ 21.5 % of the PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H ∕ C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N ∕ C), and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM ∕ OC) ratios of 0.54, 1.69, 0.11, and 1.99, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized oxygenated OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen-enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a local primary OA likely including species from cooking, coal combustion, etc.). On average, the POA contribution outweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions in the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species are likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.001
发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
X. Ge;Junfeng Wang;Zuotai Zhang;Xidong Wang;Mindong Chen
通讯作者：
X. Ge;Junfeng Wang;Zuotai Zhang;Xidong Wang;Mindong Chen
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
J. Chow;J. Watson;P. Louie;L. Chen;D. Sin
通讯作者：
J. Chow;J. Watson;P. Louie;L. Chen;D. Sin
上海冬季亚微米城市气溶胶的尺寸分辨吸湿性
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Ye, Xingnan;Ma, Zhen;Hu, Dawei;Yang, Xin;Chen, Jianmin
通讯作者：
Chen, Jianmin
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Kong, Shaofei;Ding, Xiao;Li, Zhiyong
通讯作者：
Li, Zhiyong
DOI：
10.1021/es061812j.s001
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Q. I Z H A N G;E. L. J I M E N E Z-E.-L.-J-I-M-E-N-E-Z-2082909205;D. O U G L A;S. R. W. O R S N O P, § A N D M A N J U L A C A N A G A R A-S.-R.-W.-O-R-S-N-O-P,-§-A-N-D-M-A-N-J-U-L-A-C-A-N-A-2096364242
通讯作者：
Q. I Z H A N G;E. L. J I M E N E Z-E.-L.-J-I-M-E-N-E-Z-2082909205;D. O U G L A;S. R. W. O R S N O P, § A N D M A N J U L A C A N A G A R A-S.-R.-W.-O-R-S-N-O-P,-§-A-N-D-M-A-N-J-U-L-A-C-A-N-A-2096364242