Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements
Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements
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市场一体化与协议一体化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Francis Ng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nathalie Aminian;K. Fung;Francis Ng
本文分析了区域一体化的两种渠道：市场一体化和协议一体化。鉴于东亚和拉丁美洲是两个肥沃的地区，两种形式的一体化都发生过，作者研究了这两个地区的经验。有四个相关结果。首先，早在正式协议在该地区流行之前，东亚就已经通过市场实现一体化。相比之下，拉丁美洲主要利用正式的区域贸易条约作为一体化的主要渠道。其次，尽管直到最近还相对缺乏正式的区域贸易条约，但东亚内部的一体化程度比拉丁美洲更高。第三，从纯粹的经济和贸易角度来看，一体化的正确顺序似乎是首先通过市场一体化，然后通过正式的区域贸易协定一体化。第四，区域贸易协定往往服务于多个主体。首先通过市场进行一体化之所以有用，是因为这可以为国内外向型经济导向的力量提供更强的政治议价能力。
This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country.