A mechanical model for mesenchymal morphogenesis
A mechanical model for mesenchymal morphogenesis
复制标题
间充质形态发生的力学模型
DOI：
10.1007/bf00276117
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
A. Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James D. Murray;G. Oster;A. Harris
在早期形态发生过程中，胚胎细胞分化为两种形态类别：上皮细胞和间质细胞。上皮细胞倾向于将自己排列成片状，而间充质细胞则更具运动性，可以长距离迁移。两种类型的细胞都分泌细胞外物质，这些物质在影响形态发生过程中发挥重要作用。上皮细胞分泌基底层；纤维底涂层，既充当细胞的机械锚，又充当上皮细胞和间充质之间化学通讯的介质。间充质细胞分泌细胞外基质材料：除其他功能外，它还充当细胞可以迁移的基质。许多形态发生过程取决于这两种细胞类型的协调作用（Bernfield，1980；Wesssels，1977）。人们早就知道，运动细胞在体外表现出许多特征行为。它们倾向于在运动方向上拉长，并且它们的细胞骨架通常沿着运动轴极化。它们经常表现出接触抑制现象——遇到另一个相似细胞时运动的定向抑制——并且具有惯性行为类似物，倾向于沿大致相同的方向持续长时间运动（Trinkaus，1982）。此外，它们可以通过基质中的定向线索（例如凹槽或纤维）进行“接触引导”。这些和其他特性与形态发生过程中指导和协调它们的运动有关。然而，最近，Harris 等人 (1981) 的工作将一类新的现象添加到运动细胞行为词典中；另请参见 Stopak 和 Harris，1982。他们已经证明间充质细胞能够对其环境产生非常强大的牵引力。这些细胞力是由其细胞骨架的肌动球蛋白成分产生的，并且非常强大，以至于可以产生弹性变形。延伸数百个细胞直径的基质。因此，细胞在其周围基质中产生的变形
During early morphogenesis embryonic cells differentiate into two morphological classes: epithelia and mesenchyme. Epithelial cells tend to array themselves in sheets, while mesenchymal cells are more motile and can migrate over long distances. Both types of cells secrete extraceUular substances which play an important role in influencing morphogenetic processes. Epithelia secrete a basal lamina; a fibrous undercoating which serves both as a mechanical anchor for the cells and as a mediator for chemical communication between the epithelia and mesenchyme. Mesenchyrnal cells secrete an extracellular matrix material which; among other functions, serves as a ground substance through which the ceils can migrate. Many morphogenetic processes depend on the coordinated action of these two cell types (Bernfield, 1980; Wessells, 1977). It has long been known that motile cells in vitro exhibit a number of characteristic behaviors. They tend to be elongated in the direction of motion, and their cytoskeleton is generally polarized along the axis of motion. They frequently exhibit the phenomenon of contact inhibition-a directional inhibition of locomotion upon encountering another similar cell-and possess a behavioral analog of inertia, tending to continue locomotion for long periods in roughly the same direction (Trinkaus, 1982). Furthermore, they can be" contact guided" by oriented cues in the substratum, such as grooves or fibers. These and other properties have been implicated in directing and coordinating their movements during morphogenesis. Recently, however, a new category of phenomena has been added to the dictionary of motile cell behavior by the work of Harris et al., 1981; see also Stopak and Harris, 1982. They have demonstrated that mesenchymal cells are capable of producing remarkably strong tractions on their environment. These cellular forces are generated by the actomyosin component of their cytoskeleton, and are so strong that they can produce deformations in elastic. substrata that extend hundreds of cell diameters. Thus the deformations that a cell produces in its surrounding substrata