Long Term Depression in Rat Hippocampus and the Effect of Ethanol during Fetal Life.
Long Term Depression in Rat Hippocampus and the Effect of Ethanol during Fetal Life.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci7120157
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发表时间：
2017-11-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pierrefiche O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pierrefiche O
酒精（乙醇）干扰人类、非人类灵长类动物和实验室动物（如啮齿动物）的认知功能，包括学习和记忆。如在动物中所研究的，学习和记忆的细胞机制包括主要在海马中的双向突触可塑性、长时程增强（LTP）和长时程抑制（LTD）。酒精领域的大多数研究都分析了乙醇对LTP的影响;然而，随着对LTD在学习和记忆中的生理作用的理解的最新进展，一些作者已经研究了乙醇暴露对这个特定信号的影响。在本综述中，我将集中在海马LTD记录在啮齿动物和胎儿酒精暴露对这个信号的影响。研究结果的综合表明，产前乙醇暴露干扰LTD与LTP同时在后代和这两个谷氨酸能和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的神经传递被改变，并有助于LTD的干扰。虽然乙醇对这两种递质系统的最终作用方式尚不清楚，但最近文献中出现了新的建议。
Alcohol (ethanol) disturbs cognitive functions including learning and memory in humans, non-human primates, and laboratory animals such as rodents. As studied in animals, cellular mechanisms for learning and memory include bidirectional synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD), primarily in the hippocampus. Most of the research in the field of alcohol has analyzed the effects of ethanol on LTP; however, with recent advances in the understanding of the physiological role of LTD in learning and memory, some authors have examined the effects of ethanol exposure on this particular signal. In the present review, I will focus on hippocampal LTD recorded in rodents and the effects of fetal alcohol exposure on this signal. A synthesis of the findings indicates that prenatal ethanol exposure disturbs LTD concurrently with LTP in offspring and that both glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are altered and contribute to LTD disturbances. Although the ultimate mode of action of ethanol on these two transmitter systems is not yet clear, novel suggestions have recently appeared in the literature.
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期刊：
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