Eye Development and Retinogenesis
Eye Development and Retinogenesis
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a008391
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Pevny, Larysa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heavner, Whitney;Pevny, Larysa
三种胚胎组织来源——神经外胚层、表面外胚层和眼周间充质——有助于哺乳动物眼睛的形成。因此，正在发育的眼睛为研究细胞之间的相互作用以及最近的基因之间的相互作用提供了一个宝贵的系统，以指定细胞的命运。本文描述了四种眼场转录因子如何在前神经板中指定眼原基，以及视神经泡如何区域化为三种不同的组织类型。特别关注视泡和表面外胚层之间的相互作用如何促进晶状体和视杯的形成。本文还介绍了信号网络和细胞运动如何在视杯中设置轴并确定对视觉重要的多个细胞命运。还解释了多能视网膜祖细胞如何在成熟视网膜中产生六种神经元和一种神经胶质细胞类型。最后，概述了细胞疗法治疗退行性眼病的历史和进展。在这篇文章中，特别关注基因功能的破坏如何导致人类眼部畸形。事实上，眼睛的可及性对于我们理解哺乳动物发育的基本过程做出了很大贡献。
Three embryonic tissue sources-the neural ectoderm, the surface ectoderm, and the periocular mesenchyme-contribute to the formation of the mammalian eye. For this reason, the developing eye has presented an invaluable system for studying the interactions among cells and, more recently, genes, in specifying cell fate. This article describes how the eye primordium is specified in the anterior neural plate by four eye field transcription factors and how the optic vesicle becomes regionalized into three distinct tissue types. Specific attention is given to how cross talk between the optic vesicle and surface ectoderm contributes to lens and optic cup formation. This article also describes how signaling networks and cell movements set up axes in the optic cup and establish the multiple cell fates important for vision. How multipotent retinal progenitor cells give rise to the six neuronal and one glial cell type in the mature retina is also explained. Finally, the history and progress of cellular therapeutics for the treatment of degenerative eye disease is outlined. Throughout this article, special attention is given to how disruption of gene function causes ocular malformation in humans. Indeed, the accessibility of the eye has contributed much to our understanding of the basic processes involved in mammalian development.