RESPONSES OF SMALL MAMMALS TO RED FOX (VULPES-VULPES) ODOR
RESPONSES OF SMALL MAMMALS TO RED FOX (VULPES-VULPES) ODOR
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb02384.x
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
DONCASTER, CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DICKMAN, CR;DONCASTER, CP
本文描述了3个种的反应。鼠类(黑线姬鼠、黑线田鼠和黑线姬鼠)和树鼠(Sorex Araneus)对被捕食者红狐的粪臭污染的陷阱的捕杀。啮齿动物一般会避开带有狐狸气味的陷阱，但很容易进入带有啮齿动物气味的陷阱；地鼠进入所有陷阱的几率都是一样的。在啮齿动物中，雄性沙鼠和沙鼠对狐狸气味的回避能力最强，黑线沙鼠和雌性沙鼠对狐臭的回避程度最低。狐狸的粪便主要是在小路上和开阔的栖息地发现的，在提到的啮齿动物中，它们最有可能被黑线姬鼠发现。避免这种物种的狐狸粪便和尿味，特别是活跃的雄性狐狸，将减少在狐狸经常出没的地区花费的时间，从而减少遇到捕食者本身的变化。美洲斑潜蝇很少在地下跑道上遇到狐狸的粪便，所以避免狐狸粪便的气味对减少它遇到捕食者的机会几乎没有什么帮助。啮齿类动物对獾的粪臭的回避程度仅略低于它们对狐狸粪便的回避程度。獾是研究区域内不存在的捕食者。引起啮齿动物回避的类似化学物质可能通常出现在食肉动物的粪便和尿液中。
This paper describes the responses of 3 spp. of rodents (Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus agrestis and Clethrionomys glareolus) and a shrew (Sorex araneus) to traps tainted with the fecal odor of a predator, the red fox. The rodents generally avoided traps bearing fox odor, but readily entered traps marked with rodent odor; shrews entered all traps equally. Among the rodents, avoidance of fox odor was strongest in male A. sylvaticus and C. glareolus and least in M. agrestis and female A. sylvaticus. Fox droppings were found principally along paths and in open habitats where, of the rodents mentioned, they were most likely to be encountered by A. sylvaticus. Avoidance of fox fecal and urinary odor in this species, especially by the active males, would reduce the time spent in areas frequented by foxes, and hence reduce the change of encountering the predator itself. M. agrestis would seldom encounter fox droppings in its subsurface runways, so avoidance of fox fecal odor would do little to reduce its chance of encountering the predator. Avoidance by the rodents of the fecal odor of badger, a predator not present in the study area, was only slightly less marked than their avoidance of fox fecal odor. Similar chemicals eliciting avoidance in rodents may commonly occur in the feces and urine of carnivores.