Secondhand smoke transfer and reductions by air sealing and ventilation in multiunit buildings: PFT and nicotine verification
Secondhand smoke transfer and reductions by air sealing and ventilation in multiunit buildings: PFT and nicotine verification
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00680.x
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Grimsrud, D. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bohac, D. L.;Hewett, M. J.;Grimsrud, D. T.
调查表明，多单元住宅中单元间二手烟的转移是常见的，但测量数据很少。进行这项研究，以量化单位之间的大量空气转移和文件转移的SHS物种之前和之后的治疗，密封单位之间的边界，并提供了最小量的连续排气通风的每个单元。明尼苏达州的六座建筑物进行了研究。治疗在每栋建筑中最多8个单元的集群中进行，包括吸烟者占用的0到2个单元。通过被动全氟化碳示踪（PFT）气体测试对大量空气转移进行量化。使用被动尼古丁采样评估SHS转移。进入一个单元的空气的中位数分数来自其他标有PFT的单元，范围从新公寓楼的0.021到20世纪30年代复式的0.353，总体中位数为0.041。治疗提供了一个中位数减少29%的部分转移的空气和减少PFT浓度约40%，因为增加了源和目标公寓的通风。尼古丁的转移率只有PFT的六分之一。非自愿暴露于SHS可以减少，但不能消除修改现有的，占用multiunit buildings.Practical ImplicationsRecent二手烟暴露在多单元住房的研究表明，传输的SHS成分从吸烟者的单位，那些被非吸烟者。这个问题的一个直接的解决方案是消除这些单元之间的空气泄漏转移。这项研究描述了一个为期2年的调查，空气密封和通风的改善，在六个多单元的建筑位于美国的供暖为主的气候地区。结果量化了吸烟者和非吸烟者单位之间的单位间空气转移的减少。虽然如果谨慎行事，有可能减少这种转移，但要消除这种流动是极其困难的，除非这些建筑物被腾空并得到大规模重建。消除吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的空气泄漏不是解决现有建筑中SHS传输的实际方法。
P>Surveys suggest that transfer of secondhand smoke (SHS) between units in multiunit residential buildings is common, but measured data are rare. This study was undertaken to quantify bulk air transfer between units and document transfer of SHS species before and after treatments that sealed boundaries between units and provided a minimum amount of continuous exhaust ventilation of each unit. Six buildings in Minnesota were studied. Treatments were performed in clusters of up to eight units in each building, including zero to two units occupied by smokers. Bulk air transfer was quantified through passive perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gas tests. SHS transfer was evaluated using passive nicotine sampling. The median fraction of air entering a unit that came from other units tagged with PFTs ranged from 0.021 in a new condominium building to 0.353 in a 1930s duplex, with an overall median of 0.041. Treatments provided a median decrease of 29% in the fraction of transferred air and reduced PFT concentrations by about 40%, because of increased ventilation of both source and target apartments. Nicotine was transferred at only one-sixth the rate of PFTs. Involuntary exposure to SHS can be reduced but not eliminated by modifying existing, occupied multiunit buildings.Practical ImplicationsRecent studies of secondhand smoke exposure in multiunit housing indicate transmission of SHS constituents from smokers' units to those occupied by nonsmokers. A straightforward solution for this problem is to eliminate air leakage transfer between these units. This study describes a 2-year investigation of air sealing and ventilation improvements in six multiunit buildings located in a heating-dominated climate region of the US. The results quantify the reduction in interunit transfer of air between smokers' and nonsmokers' units. While it is possible to reduce the transfer when done with care, it is extremely difficult to eliminate these flows unless the buildings are vacated and extensively rebuilt. Eliminating air leakage between smokers' and nonsmokers' units is not a practical means of solving SHS transmission in an existing building.