Electric charge catalysis by magnetic fields and a nontrivial holonomy

Electric charge catalysis by magnetic fields and a nontrivial holonomy
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磁场的电荷催化和非平凡的完整律

DOI:
10.1103/physrevd.88.045009
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发表时间:
--
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
T. Sulejmanpasic
T. Sulejmanpasic
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Falk Bruckmann;P.V. Buividovich;T. Sulejmanpasic

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我们描述了一个通用的机制,狄拉克费米子系统在热平衡获得电荷在外部磁场。为此,费米子应该有一个额外的量子数、同位旋或颜色,并且应该受到第二个磁场的影响,这可以区分同位旋或颜色,以及相应的同位旋化学势。后者的作用也可以发挥一个非平凡的holonomy(波利亚科夫循环)沿着欧几里德时间方向。由于正同位旋粒子和负同位旋反粒子的最低朗道能级的简并度不同,电荷会积累。我们讨论了两个物理系统中,这种现象可以实现。一种是单层石墨烯,其中的同位旋与布里渊区中的两个谷相关联,并且应变诱导的伪磁场对不同谷中的电荷载流子的作用不同。另一种是热QCD,其相应的非阿贝尔场位形既有非零的色磁场,又有非平凡的Polyakov圈,可以用有限温度下Yang-Mills方程的Caloron拓扑解来实现。数值研究了Caloron场位形上的感生电荷。我们认为,由于holonomy的波动,外部磁场应倾向于抑制夸克胶子等离子体中的电荷波动,并估计这种影响的重要性偏心重离子碰撞。
We describe a generic mechanism by which a system of Dirac fermions in thermal equilibrium acquires electric charge in an external magnetic field. To this end the fermions should have an additional quantum number, isospin, or color and should be subject to a second magnetic field, which distinguishes the isospin or color, as well as to a corresponding isospin chemical potential. The role of the latter can be also played by a nontrivial holonomy (Polyakov loop) along the Euclidean time direction. The charge is accumulated since the degeneracies of occupied lowest Landau levels for particles of positive isospin and antiparticles of negative isospin are different. We discuss two physical systems where this phenomenon can be realized. One is monolayer graphene, where the isospin is associated with two valleys in the Brillouin zone, and the strain-induced pseudomagnetic field acts differently on charge carriers in different valleys. Another is hot QCD, for which the relevant non-Abelian field configurations with both nonzero chromomagnetic field and a nontrivial Polyakov loop can be realized as calorons—topological solutions of Yang-Mills equations at finite temperature. The induced electric charge on the caloron field configuration is studied numerically. We argue that due to the fluctuations of holonomy, the external magnetic field should tend to suppress charge fluctuations in the quark-gluon plasma and estimate the importance of this effect for off-central heavy-ion collisions.
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