Effects of Age on Emotion Regulation, Emotional Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior
Effects of Age on Emotion Regulation, Emotional Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gby084
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Ruffman, Ted
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, Phoebe E.;Brady, Brooke;Ruffman, Ted
目的：在何种程度上老年人的经验情绪共情，并显示随后的亲社会行为与经验的个人痛苦，以应对另一个人的distress.Method：年轻（n = 40; 17-29岁）和老年人（n = 39; 61-82岁）成年人观看的个人表示疼痛或没有疼痛的视频。疼痛模仿记录使用面部肌电图。然后，参与者被问到他们是否会在剩下的时间里帮助实验者。自我报告的倾向，抑制或重新评价情绪进行了评估，以及特质和状态的情感共情和个人distress.Results：疼痛模仿与减少特质抑制在老年人。在这两个年龄组中，更大的情感同理心，平均在视频条件下，与增加帮助。此外，相对于年轻人，老年人在回应视频时报告了更多的个人痛苦和情绪反应，但同样愿意提供帮助。讨论：这些发现有助于澄清以前关于年轻人与老年人情感共情经验的混合证据。我们讨论的重要性，考虑其他子组件的同理心，如情绪调节，同时也占的相关性的同理心诱导到每个年龄组。
Objectives: The degree to which older adults experience emotional empathy and show subsequent prosocial behavior versus experience personal distress in response to another's distress remains unclear.Method: Young (n = 40; 17-29 years) and older (n = 39; 61-82 years) adults watched videos of individuals expressing pain or no pain. Pain mimicry was recorded using facial electromyography. Participants were then asked if they would spend the remaining time helping the experimenter. Self-reported tendency to suppress or reappraise emotion was assessed, as well as trait and state emotional empathy and personal distress.Results: Pain mimicry was associated with reduced trait suppression in older adults. In both age groups, greater emotional empathy, averaged across video condition, was associated with increased helping. In addition, relative to young adults, older adults reported more personal distress and emotional reactivity in response to the videos but were just as willing to help. They also put more effort into helping.Discussion: These findings contribute to clarification of mixed previous evidence regarding the experience of emotional empathy in young versus older adulthood. We discuss the importance of considering additional subcomponents of empathy such as emotion regulation, while also accounting for the relevance of the empathy induction to each age group.