Tilapia aquaculture, emerging diseases, and the roles of the skin microbiomes in health and disease
Tilapia aquaculture, emerging diseases, and the roles of the skin microbiomes in health and disease
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DOI：
10.1007/s10499-023-01117-4
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发表时间：
2023-04-25
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Tyler，Charles R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Debnath，Sanjit Chandra;McMurtrie，Jamie;Tyler，Charles R.
水产养殖在全球粮食安全方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，特别是对低收入和缺粮国家而言。大多数水产养殖生产发生在淡水土池中，罗非鱼已迅速成为这些系统中最广泛采用的养殖物种之一。罗非鱼因其易于生产、适应各种环境条件、生长快和营养价值高而在140多个国家养殖。通常，罗非鱼被认为是一种哈代耐寒、抗病的物种;然而，随着其生产的加强，疾病正在增加，随后对该行业构成威胁。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了罗非鱼生产，重点是孟加拉国作为最大的生产国之一，并强调了与疾病和治疗方法相关的问题，包括滥用抗菌药物。我们解决了理解水产养殖可持续生产的健康和疾病过程中缺少的关键组成部分，特别是微生物组所发挥的作用。在这里，我们研究了微生物组在支持健康方面的重要性，重点是鱼皮粘膜表面的共生微生物群落，影响微生物组的非生物和生物因素，以及与疾病状态相关的变化。我们还确定了皮肤微生物组的保守分类群，可用作罗非鱼健康状况的指标，为减轻和管理疾病以及优化环境生长条件和养殖方式提供了新的机会。
Aquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in global food security, especially for low-income and food-deficit countries. The majority of aquaculture production occurs in freshwater earthen ponds and tilapia has quickly become one of the most widely adopted culture species in these systems. Tilapia are now farmed in over 140 countries facilitated by their ease of production, adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, fast growth, and high nutritional value. Typically, tilapia have been considered a hardy, disease resilient species; however, the disease is increasing with subsequent threats to the industry as their production is intensified. In this review, we discuss tilapia production, with a focus on Bangladesh as one of the top producing countries, and highlight the problems associated with disease and treatment approaches for them, including the misuse of antimicrobials. We address a key missing component in understanding health and disease processes for sustainable production in aquaculture, specifically the role played by the microbiome. Here we examine the importance of the microbiome in supporting health, focused on the symbiotic microbial community of the fish skin mucosal surface, the abiotic and biotic factors that influence the microbiome, and the shifts that are associated with diseased states. We also identify conserved taxa of skin microbiomes that may be used as indicators of health status for tilapia offering new opportunities to mitigate and manage the disease and optimize environmental growing conditions and farming practices.