Costs of deception and learned resistance in deceptive interactions
Costs of deception and learned resistance in deceptive interactions
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.2861
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发表时间：
2014-03-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ellis, Allan G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Jager, Marinus L.;Ellis, Allan G.
虽然这种关系很少被实验研究，但物种在受骗时所遭受的代价预计会驱动习得性抵抗。通过模仿同种雌性来诱导雄性昆虫交配行为的花为这类研究提供了一个理想的系统。在这里，我们探索了具有多种欺诈性花形式的雏菊与为其授粉的雄性苍蝇之间的相互作用。我们发现，雄性传粉者受到相互作用的负面影响，在他们的能力和在欺骗性花序中找到真正的雌性所花费的时间方面遭受潜在的交配成本。这些代价的严重程度是由欺骗性花序引起的交配行为的数量决定的。然而，缺乏经验的雄蝇表现出了一种能力，可以学会区分最具欺骗性的花序，并将其视为雌性的模仿者，随后随着接触的增加，它们在这些花序上表现出的交配行为就会减少。有经验的雄蜂，自然地与性欺骗形式相互作用，在多个种群中表现出类似的在欺骗性花序上减少交配行为的模式，表明传粉者的学习是普遍存在的。由于性欺骗植物通常依赖于雄性传粉者的交配行为来授粉，这可能导致这些系统内的对抗性共同进化。
The costs that species suffer when deceived are expected to drive learned resistance, although this relationship has seldom been studied experimentally. Flowers that elicit mating behaviour from male insects by mimicking conspecific females provide an ideal system for such investigation. Here, we explore interactions between a sexually deceptive daisy with multiple floral forms that vary in deceptiveness, and the male flies that pollinate it. We show that male pollinators are negatively impacted by the interaction, suffering potential mating costs in terms of their ability and time taken to locate genuine females within deceptive inflorescences. The severity of these costs is determined by the amount of mating behaviour elicited by deceptive inflorescences. However, inexperienced male flies exhibit the ability to learn to discriminate the most deceptive inflorescences as female mimics and subsequently reduce the amount of mating behaviour they exhibit on them with increased exposure. Experienced males, which interact with sexually deceptive forms naturally, exhibit similar patterns of reduced mating behaviour on deceptive inflorescences in multiple populations, indicating that pollinator learning is widespread. As sexually deceptive plants are typically dependent on the elicitation of mating behaviour from male pollinators for pollination, this may result in antagonistic coevolution within these systems.