Penguins, fur seals, and fishing: prey requirements and potential competition in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Penguins, fur seals, and fishing: prey requirements and potential competition in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
复制标题
企鹅、海狗和捕鱼：南极洲南设得兰群岛的猎物需求和潜在竞争
DOI：
10.1007/s003000050261
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
B. Tershy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Croll;B. Tershy
摘要南极和亚南极海鸟、海洋哺乳动物和人类渔业将觅食精力集中在单一物种南极磷虾（Euphausiasuperba）上。因为这些捕食者可能有一个显着的影响磷虾丰度，我们估计的能量和猎物的需求Adelie（Pygoscelisadeliae），chinstrap（Pygoscelisanapartica），和gentoo（Pygoscelispapua）企鹅和雌性南极软毛海豹（Arctocephalusgazella）繁殖在南设得兰群岛，南极洲和这些估计与南极磷虾渔业捕捞统计数据进行比较。发表的数据，现场代谢率，人口规模，饮食，猎物能量含量，代谢效率被用来估计这些繁殖，成年，陆基捕食者和他们的依赖后代的猎物的需求。由于其庞大的种群规模，帽带企鹅是最重要的磷虾捕食者在这段时间内审查，消耗估计7.8 × 108公斤磷虾，其次是阿德利企鹅（3.1 × 107公斤），巴布亚企鹅（1.2 × 107公斤）和南极软毛海豹（3.6 × 106公斤）。据估计，南设得兰群岛所有陆地食肉动物的总消费量为8.3 × 108公斤磷虾。南设得兰群岛地区的商业磷虾捕捞量（1.0 × 108公斤）约为这一数字的12%。商业收获与企鹅和海狗猎物需求的高峰期在季节和空间上相吻合，并可能影响企鹅和海狗的猎物供应。这与Ichii等人的结论不同，后者认为南设得兰群岛捕食者与商业磷虾渔业之间的竞争潜力很低。
Abstract Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabirds, marine mammals, and human fisheries concentrate their foraging efforts on a single species, Antarctic krill (Euphausiasuperba). Because these predators may have a significant effect on krill abundance, we estimated the energy and prey requirements of Adelie (Pygoscelisadeliae), chinstrap (Pygoscelisantarctica), and gentoo (Pygoscelispapua) penguins and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalusgazella) breeding on the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and compared these estimates with catch statistics from the Antarctic krill fishery. Published data on field metabolic rate, population size, diet, prey energy content, and metabolic efficiency were used to estimate prey requirements of these breeding, adult, land-based predators and their dependent offspring. Due to their large population size, chinstrap penguins were the most significant krill predators during the period examined, consuming an estimated 7.8 × 108 kg krill, followed by Adelie penguins (3.1 × 107 kg), gentoo penguins (1.2 × 107 kg), and Antarctic fur seals (3.6 × 106 kg). Total consumption of all land-based predators on the South Shetland Islands was estimated at 8.3 × 108 kg krill. The commercial krill fishery harvest in the South Shetland Island region (1.0 × 108 kg) was approximately 12% of this. Commercial harvest coincides seasonally and spatially with peak penguin and fur seal prey demands, and may affect prey availability to penguins and fur seals. This differs from the conclusions of Ichii et al. who asserted that the potential for competition between South Shetland predators and the commercial krill fishery is low.