The paleolimnologist's guide to compound-specific stable isotope analysis – An introduction to principles and applications of CSIA for Quaternary lake sediments
The paleolimnologist's guide to compound-specific stable isotope analysis – An introduction to principles and applications of CSIA for Quaternary lake sediments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.001
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
J. Holtvoeth;Jessica H. Whiteside;S. Engels;Felipe S. Freitas;K. Grice;P. Greenwood;SC Johnson;Iain P. Kendall;S. Lengger;A. Lücke;C. Mayr;B. Naafs;M. Rohrssen;J. Sepúlveda
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Holtvoeth;Jessica H. Whiteside;S. Engels;Felipe S. Freitas;K. Grice;P. Greenwood;SC Johnson;Iain P. Kendall;S. Lengger;A. Lücke;C. Mayr;B. Naafs;M. Rohrssen;J. Sepúlveda
地球上生命的关键化学元素（例如碳、氢、氮、氧、硫）的稳定同位素组成追踪这些元素在生物地圈中的通量和周转的变化。在过去的 15-20 年中，通过日益灵敏、经济且广泛应用的分析技术，测量单个来源特定有机分子（生物标记物）的同位素组成并将其与一系列环境条件和过程联系起来的潜力已被释放和放大。古环境研究使我们对过去生态系统动态的理解发生了巨大的进步。这些范式转变的关键是需要受到良好约束的现代和最近的类似物。通过加深对这些环境及其生物途径的了解，我们可以成功地揭示过去的气候变化和相关的生态系统适应。通过这篇综述，我们的目的是向第四纪古湖泊学领域的科学家介绍化合物特异性同位素分析 (CSIA) 提供的工具，以获取有关古代环境中生物地球化学条件的信息。我们提供基于生物标记物的碳、氢、氮、氧和硫同位素组成的新型和已建立的 CSIA 应用的基本原理和应用信息。虽然正烷烃等化合物的生物合成、来源和相关同位素分馏模式相对受到严格限制，但功能化烷基脂质、类固醇、藿香类、类异戊二烯、GDGT、颜料或纤维素的使用不断增加，出现了新的应用。生物合成和分馏并不总是被完全理解。然而，尽管分析挑战仍然存在，但通过研究这些化合物来更深入地了解生态系统动态的未来潜力也正在显现。
The stable isotope composition of key chemical elements for life on Earth (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) tracks changes in fluxes and turnover of these elements in the biogeosphere. Over the past 15–20 years, the potential to measure these isotopic compositions for individual, source-specific organic molecules (biomarkers) and to link them to a range of environmental conditions and processes has been unlocked and amplified by increasingly sensitive, affordable and wide-spread analytical technology. Paleoenvironmental research has seen enormous step-changes in our understanding of past ecosystem dynamics. Vital to these paradigm shifts is the need for well-constrained modern and recent analogues. Through increased understanding of these environments and their biological pathways we can successfully unravel past climatic changes and associated ecosystem adaption.With this review, we aim to introduce scientists working in the field of Quaternary paleolimnology to the tools that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) provides for the gain of information on biogeochemical conditions in ancient environments. We provide information on fundamental principles and applications of novel and established CSIA applications based on the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur isotopic composition of biomarkers. While biosynthesis, sources and associated isotope fractionation patterns of compounds such asn-alkanes are relatively well-constrained, new applications emerge from the increasing use of functionalized alkyl lipids, steroids, hopanoids, isoprenoids, GDGTs, pigments or cellulose. Biosynthesis and fractionation are not always fully understood. However, although analytical challenges remain, the future potential of deeper insights into ecosystem dynamics from the study of these compounds is also emerging.