DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES FOR THE 1990S - DEVELOPMENT AND INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES FOR THE 1990S - DEVELOPMENT AND INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES
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DOI：
10.2307/1130897
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发表时间：
1992-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
SCARR, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SCARR, S
在同一理论框架内理解典型的人类发展和个体差异是困难的，因为这两种取向来自不同的哲学传统。 有人认为，进化的角度可以统一的物种典型的发展和个体变异的研究。 从许多角度对发展决定因素的研究可以在一个进化的框架内理解，在这个框架内，有机体和环境联合收割机产生了发展。 物种正常的基因和环境以及基因和环境中的个体差异都会影响个性，社会和智力发展。 这些领域被用作整合正常发展和个体差异理论的例子。 在欧洲、北美和亚洲发达国家的通常样本中，家庭和双胞胎研究的结果表明，正常物种范围内的环境对正常发育至关重要。 然而，在这些社会中，如果有各种各样的环境机会和情感支持，大多数儿童在成长过程中会因其个体基因型而变得与众不同。 了解基因和环境共同作用的方式有助于发展心理学家识别需要干预的儿童，并根据他们的特殊需求定制干预措施。
Understanding both typical human development and individual differences within the same theoretical framework has been difficult because the 2 orientations arise from different philosophical traditions. It is argued that an evolutionary perspective can unite the study of both species-typical development and individual variation. Research on determinants of development from many perspectives can be understood within an evolutionary framework in which organism and environment combine to produce development. Species-normal genes and environments and individual variations in genes and environments both affect personality, social, and intellectual development. These domains are used as examples to integrate theories of normal development and individual differences. Within the usual samples of European, North American, and developed Asian countries, the results of family and twin studies show that environments within the normal species range are crucial to normal development. Given a wide range of environmental opportunities and emotional supports, however, most children in these societies grow up to be individually different based on their individual genotypes. Understanding the ways in which genes and environments work together helps developmentalists to identify children in need of intervention and to tailor interventions to their particular needs.