Frequency regulation of multi-area power systems with plug-in electric vehicles considering communication delays
Frequency regulation of multi-area power systems with plug-in electric vehicles considering communication delays
复制标题
考虑通信时延的插电式电动汽车多区域电力系统频率调节
DOI：
10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0108
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Chengxiong Mao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hua Fan;Lin Jiang;Chuan-Ke Zhang;Chengxiong Mao
大规模插电式电动汽车（PEVs）的空间和时间变化会导致车辆到电网服务的频率调节动力学受到影响。在PEV的聚合和负载频率控制（LFC）回路中产生的通信延迟也降低了动态性能，甚至使系统不稳定。本研究设计的LFC计划考虑这些不确定性。首先，开发了基于等效电路的单个PEV的动态模型和考虑驾驶行为、电池特性和延迟的PEV组的聚合模型。然后，建立了一个具有时滞和不确定性的状态空间模型，对主控制回路中含有PEVs的闭环LFC方案进行建模。在建立了控制增益、鲁棒性能和时滞之间的关系后，利用线性矩阵不等式和粒子群优化算法，提出了一种鲁棒比例-积分-微分型LFC方案设计方法。基于三区域LFC系统的案例研究表明，PEVs有助于在不同的负载扰动下的频率调节，所提出的LFC方案成功地抑制了存在延迟的频率波动，并提供了对PEVs所产生的不确定性的鲁棒性。
Dynamics of vehicle-to-grid service to frequency regulation may suffer from the uncertainties arising from the spatial and temporal diversities of the large-scale plug-in vehicles (PEVs). Communication delays incurred both in the aggregation of the PEVs and in load frequency control (LFC) loop also degrade the dynamics and even destabilise the system. This study designs the LFC scheme considering those uncertainties. First, a dynamic model of individual PEV based on equivalent circuit and an aggregated model for PEVs group considering driving behaviours, battery characteristics, and delays are developed. Then, a state-space model with time delays and uncertainties is constructed to model the closed-loop LFC scheme with PEVs in primary control loop. After constructing the relationships among control gains, robust performances, and delays, a robust proportional–integral–derivative-type LFC scheme design method is developed by using linear matrix inequality and particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Case studies based on a three-area LFC system demonstrate that the PEVs contribute to the frequency regulation under different load disturbances and that the proposed LFC scheme successfully suppresses frequency fluctuations in the presence of delays and provides robustness against the uncertainties arising from the PEVs.
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