Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on White Grub Injury to Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Turf
Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on White Grub Injury to Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Turf
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183x003500040034x
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发表时间：
1995-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Berry A. Crutchfield;D. Potter;A. Powell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berry A. Crutchfield;D. Potter;A. Powell
食根的白蛴螬（鞘翅目：金龟子科）是美国东部冷季型草坪草的重要害虫。我们研究了灌溉和施氮肥对早熟禾 (Poa pratensis L.) 和高羊茅 (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 在温室和田间条件下对蛴螬损害的反应的影响。盆栽草坪，有或没有日本甲虫（Popillia japonica Newman）幼虫（122/0.1 m 2 ），在有或没有补充氮肥（204 kg N h -1 ）的两种灌溉方式下进行维护。 4周后测量叶和根产量以及幼虫存活率。在田间，草皮在生根箱中生长，有或没有春季施肥（146 kg N ha -1 ）和秋季灌溉（2.54 cm wk -1 ）。 8 月下旬，一半的地块被南方金龟子 (Cyclocephala lurida Bland) 幼虫 (66/0.1 m 2 ) 侵染，并测量了 9 周对美观损害、表面温度、叶产量、根系强度和幼虫存活率的影响。无论管理制度如何，蛴螬都会严重损害两种草的根部。然而，在制度内，这种损害仅在接受氮肥和高灌溉的草坪上显着降低叶产量。然而，在温室中，接受补救氮的受蛴螬损伤的草的叶产量比没有蛴螬的未受精草高。在生根箱中，春季施肥后的秋季灌溉增强了受蛴螬侵染的草坪的视觉质量和受蛴螬损害的肯塔基早熟禾的根部强度。蛴螬的存活率在草种或施肥方式之间没有差异，但在接受高灌溉的盆中，更多的粳稻存活下来。秋季饲喂期间进行灌溉，然后进行补救性氮肥施肥，可以促进受蛴螬损害的草坪草的耐受性和恢复。
Root-feeding white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are important pests of cool-season turfgrasses in the eastern USA. We studied effects of irrigation and N fertilization on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) response to grub damage under greenhouse and field conditions. Potted turfgrasses, with or without Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) grubs (122/0.1 m 2 ), were maintained under two irrigation regimes, with or without supplemental N fertilizer (204 kg N h -1 ). Foliar and root yields, and grub survival were measured after 4 wk. In the field, sod was grown in rooting boxes, with or without spring fertilization (146 kg N ha -1 ) and fall irrigation (2.54 cm wk -1 ). Half of the plots were infested with southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala lurida Bland) grubs (66/0.1 m 2 ) in late August and effects on aesthetic damage, surface temperature, foliar yield, root strength, and grub survival were measured for 9 wk. Grubs severely damaged roots of both grasses regardless of management regime. Within regimes, however, this damage significantly reduced foliar yield only in turf that received both N and high irrigation. In the greenhouse, grub-damaged grasses that received remedial N, nevertheless, had higher foliar yield than did non-fertilized grasses without grubs. In rooting boxes, fall irrigation following spring fertilization enhanced visual quality of grub-infested turf and root strength of grub-damaged Kentucky bluegrass. Survival of grubs did not differ between grass species or fertilization regimes, but more P. japonica survived in pots receiving high irrigation. Irrigation during the fall feeding period, followed by remedial N fertilization, may promote tolerance and recovery of grub-damaged turfgrasses.