Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and Torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water
Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and Torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.021
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Wilhelm, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamza, Ibrahim Ahmed;Jurzik, Lars;Wilhelm, Michael
需要一个可靠的指标来预测和减少与粪便污染地表水有关的感染风险。由于辣椒温和斑驳病毒（PMMoV），人类picobirnaviruses（hPBV）和扭矩teno病毒（TTV）已被检测到在人类粪便中的大量水平，我们探讨这些病毒的核酸检测是否是一个合适的指标，粪便污染的河水。从2008年9月至2009年12月，从鲁尔河和莱茵河以及污水厂（n = 12）的流入物和流出物中采集水样（n = 111）。定量真实的时间（RT-）PCR被用来确定PMMoV，hPBV，和TTV的丰度相比，人类腺病毒（HAdV）和人类多瘤病毒（HPyV），经常检测到地表水和以前提出的指标。虽然PMMoV在所有河水样本中检测到，但其他病毒的检测频率较低。阳性河水中所研究病毒的浓度范围为每升5 × 10（1）至1.07 × 10（6）基因组当量（gen.equ./ l）。所有废水样品均为PMMoV、HAdV和HPyV阳性，而TTV和hPBV分别在6/12和3/12的样品中检出。为了确定PMMoV是否对人源粪便具有特异性，还检测了来自人（n = 20）和动物（n = 53）的粪便样品。与PMMoV在人粪便中的普遍存在（19/20）相反，该病毒仅在少数测试的动物粪便样品中以低浓度检测到（7/15来自鸡，1/10来自鹅和1/6来自牛）。因此，在这种情况下，TTV和hPBV似乎不是水中粪便污染的合适指标。而PMMoV在生活污水和河水中的高排泄水平和传播表明PMMoV可能是地表水粪便污染的一个有前途的指示剂。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
A reliable indicator is needed to predict and reduce the risk of infection associated with fecal contamination of surface water. Since Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), human picobirnaviruses (hPBV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) have been detected at substantial levels in human feces, we explored whether detection of nucleic acids of these viruses is a suitable indicator of fecal contamination in river water. From September 2008 to December 2009, water samples (n = 111) were collected from the Ruhr and Rhine rivers and from the influents and effluents of a wastewater plant (n = 12). Quantitative real time (RT-) PCR was used to determine the abundance of PMMoV, hPBV, and TTV in comparison to human adenoviruses (HAdV) and human polyomaviruses (HPyV) that are frequently detected in surface water and were previously proposed as indicators. While PMMoV was detected in all river water samples, the other viruses were detected less frequently. The concentration of the studied viruses in positive river water ranged from 5 x 10(1) to 1.07 x 10(6) genome equivalents per liter (gen.equ./l). All wastewater samples were positive for PMMoV, HAdV and HPyV, while TTV and hPBV were detected in 6/12 and 3/12 of samples, respectively. To determine if PMMoV is specific to human-derived fecal waste, fecal samples from human (n = 20) and animal (n = 53) were also tested. In contrast to the ubiquity of PMMoV in human feces (19/20) the virus was only detected at low concentration in a minority of the animal fecal samples tested (7/15 from chicken, 1/10 from Geese and 1/6 from cows). Therefore, in this setting TTV and hPBV do not seem to be suitable indicators of fecal contamination in water. Whereas, the high excretion level and dissemination of PMMoV in human sewage and river water suggest that PMMoV could be a promising indicator of fecal pollution in surface water. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.