EDITOR'S CHOICE: Confronting contingency in restoration: management and site history determine outcomes of assembling prairies, but site characteristics and landscape context have little effect
EDITOR'S CHOICE: Confronting contingency in restoration: management and site history determine outcomes of assembling prairies, but site characteristics and landscape context have little effect
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编辑的选择：面对恢复中的意外事件：管理和场地历史决定了草原组装的结果，但场地特征和景观环境影响不大
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Brudvig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emily Grman;T. Bassett;L. Brudvig
摘要1.众所周知，生态恢复的结果是不可预测的，但我们对这种偶然性没有普遍的预测性理解。管理决定可对恢复结果产生重大影响，但在其他情况下，可能会被场地特征（如土壤条件）、景观环境（如类似生境的丰富程度）或历史因素（如优先效应）所压倒。然而，我们通常无法预测这四类驱动因素中的哪一类会影响恢复结果。恢复结果的不同方面（例如物种丰富度，β多样性和群落组成）及其独特的反应进一步使我们的理解复杂化。最后，这四类驱动因素可能会对恢复后的社区的子集产生不同的影响，例如，管理可能会影响目标社区物种的丰度和分布，而其他物种则更多地取决于地点、景观或历史因素。2.在这里，我们使用变异划分来比较管理、场地、景观和历史因素的相对重要性，以确定密歇根州西南部27个草原恢复的植物群落结果。3.我们发现，管理，特别是组合物，多样性和密度的种子混合应用，和历史，特别是网站的年龄，是最重要的驱动程序草原恢复物种丰富度，β多样性和组成。网站和景观因素很少重要的恢复结果。4.最后，我们发现，比较播种和非播种物种的独特反应，通常增加了我们的动态的理解，有助于社区范围内的恢复结果。5.合成与应用。据我们所知，这是第一次定量比较四个主要类别的驱动程序如何确定恢复的结果。历史遗产和管理决策，但通常不是景观背景或当地的网站条件，塑造恢复网站的植物群落。这些发现代表了一个重要的一步，发展一个更有预测性的框架，了解应急恢复的结果。
Summary 1. The outcomes of ecological restoration are notoriously unpredictable, but we have no general predictive understanding of this contingency. Management decisions can have strong effects on restoration outcomes, but in other cases may be overwhelmed by site characteristics (e.g. soil conditions), landscape context (e.g. abundance of similar habitat) or historical factors (e.g. priority effects). However, we generally cannot predict which of these four classes of drivers will affect restoration outcomes. Disparate aspects of restoration outcomes (e.g. species richness, beta diversity and community composition) and their unique responses further complicate our understanding. Finally, these four classes of drivers might differentially affect subsets of the restored community, where, for example, management might shape the abundance and distribution of species of the target community, while other species are more contingent on site, landscape or historical factors. 2. Here, we used variation partitioning to compare the relative importance of management, site, landscape and historical factors for determining the plant community outcomes of 27 prairie restorations in south-west Michigan. 3. We found that management, especially the composition, diversity and density of seed mixes applied, and history, especially site age, were the most important drivers of prairie restoration species richness, beta diversity and composition. Site and landscape factors were only rarely important for restoration outcomes. 4. Finally, we found that comparing the unique responses of sown and non-sown species typically increased our understanding of the dynamics contributing to community-wide restoration outcomes. 5. Synthesis and applications. This is, to our knowledge, the first quantitative comparison of how four major classes of drivers determine the outcome of restoration. Historical legacies and management decisions, but generally not landscape context or local site conditions, shaped plant communities at restored sites. These findings represent an important step towards developing a more predictive framework for understanding contingency in restoration outcomes.