Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity in Latin America
Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity in Latin America
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.004
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Pujol, Flor H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devesa, Marisol;Pujol, Flor H.
在拉丁美洲，B型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染仍然是一个重大的健康问题，在那里大约有1100万人被感染。美洲印第安人是该区域感染率最高的群体。HBV表现出介于DNA和RNA病毒之间的变异程度。这种可塑性导致产生几个突变体和基因型变异。基于全基因组序列8%的最小差异，已描述了八种HBV基因型（A-H）。HBV基因型F是HBV基因型中差异最大的，是南美本土的，并且在南美的北方地区高度占优势。最近描述的HBV基因型H与基因型F密切相关，似乎仅限于中美洲和北美。不同HBV毒株之间的分离似乎很常见，尽管在美国基因型之间尚未有描述。在HBV基因型F内，已经描述了四种亚型，它们表现出地理分布模式。HBV基因型多样性的临床和生物学重要性是目前主要关注的问题，并已在亚洲和欧洲进行了研究。相反，目前尚不清楚美国HBV基因型F和H感染是否与疾病的快速或缓慢发展有关。HBV的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。根据系统发育分析所使用的模型，已提出HBV起源于亚洲或美国。通过重新审视HBV的基因型多样性，另一种解释是，人类HBV基因型可能是由几种人畜共患病引入而出现的，无论是在旧大陆还是新大陆。(c)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a significant health concern in Latin America, where around I I million persons are infected. Amerindian populations exhibit the highest prevalences of infection in the region. HBV exhibits a degree of variability intermediate between DNA and RNA viruses. This plasticity leads to the generation of several mutants and genotypic variability. Eight HBV genotypes (A-H) have been described, based on a minimum divergence of 8% of the complete genome sequences. HBV genotype F is the most divergent of the HBV genotypes, is autochthonous to South America and is highly predominant in the Northern region of South America. The recently described HBV genotype H is closely related to genotype F and seems to be restricted to Central and North America. Recombination among different HBV strains seems to be frequent, although it has not been described yet between American genotypes. Inside HBV genotype F, four subgenotypes have been described, which exhibit a geographic pattern of distribution. The clinical and biologic importance of the genotypic diversity of HBV is of major concern at the present moment and has been studied in Asia and Europe. In contrast, it is not known whether infection with the American HBV genotypes F and H is associated with a rapid or slow development of disease. The origin of HBV is still an open question. Depending on the model used for the phylogenetic analysis, an Asian or an American origin of HBV has been proposed. By revisiting the genotypic diversity of HBV, an alternative explanation is that human HBV genotypes might have emerged by several zoonotic introductions, both in the Old and the New World. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.