Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics, Well-Being and Health Vary over the Life Course
Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics, Well-Being and Health Vary over the Life Course
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DOI：
10.1159/000438700
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wagner, Gert G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eibich, Peter;Krekel, Christian;Wagner, Gert G.
背景：邻里特征是个体健康和幸福的重要决定因素。例如，噪音和污染等特征直接影响健康，而其他特征通过提供资源（例如社区中的社会资本）或限制其使用（例如犯罪）来影响健康和福祉，个人可以使用这些资源来科普健康问题。这也表明，这些特征的影响可能存在年龄差异，因为处于不同生命阶段的个人可能需要不同的资源。然而，有一个缺乏经验证据的年龄差异之间的关联福祉，健康和邻里特征。目的：本文研究了大柏林地区居民的健康和幸福感与广泛的邻里特征之间的关联。特别是，我们关注年轻（20-35岁）和老年（60岁以上）居民之间的影响差异。方法：我们使用的数据来自柏林老龄化研究II（德国柏林大都市区的312名年轻居民和993名老年居民）。我们使用了关于健康和福祉的调查数据，将这些数据与社区的主观感知以及社区的地理参考指标（例如设施（公共交通，医生和医院））相结合。结果如下：结果表明，获得公共交通与所有健康和福祉措施的更好结果相关，社会支持与更高的生活满意度和更好的心理健康相关。这两个年龄组之间有很大的差异：虽然获得公共交通和健康和福祉之间的关联是类似的两个年龄组，邻里社会资本显示出较强的老年居民的关联。然而，这种差异并不总是具有统计学意义。结论：无论年龄大小，获得服务都与更好的健康和福祉相关。当地政策制定者应专注于降低流动障碍，以改善人口的健康和福祉。由于社区的社会资本与老年居民的健康和福祉有关，因此在老年居民比例较高的社区，增加社会资本的投资（例如社区中心）可能是必要的。(C)2016 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Background: Neighborhood characteristics are important determinants of individual health and well-being. For example, characteristics such as noise and pollution affect health directly, while other characteristics affect health and wellbeing by either providing resources (e.g. social capital in the neighborhood), which individuals can use to cope with health problems, or limiting the use thereof (e.g. crime). This also suggests that there might be age differentials in the impact of these characteristics, since individuals at different stages of life might need different resources. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on age differentials in associations between well-being, health, and neighborhood characteristics. Objective: This paper studies associations between a wide range of neighborhood characteristics with the health and well-being of residents of the greater Berlin area. In particular, we focus on differences in the effects between younger (aged 20-35) and older (aged 60+) residents. Methods: We used data from the Berlin Aging Study II (312 younger and 993 older residents of the Berlin metropolitan area in Germany). We used survey data on health and wellbeing, combined these with subjective perceptions of the neighborhood, and geo-referenced indicators on the neighborhood, e.g. amenities (public transport, physicians, and hospitals). Results: The results show that access to public transpoitation is associated with better outcomes on all measures of health and well-being, and social support is associated with higher life satisfaction and better mental health. There are considerable differences between both age groups: while the associations between access to public transport and health and well-being are similar for both age groups, neighborhood social capital shows stronger associations for older residents. However, the difference is not always statistically significant. Conclusion: Having access to services is associated with better health and well-being regardless of age. Local policy makers should focus on lowering barriers to mobility in order to improve the health and well-being of the population. Since the social capital of a neighborhood is associated with better health and well-being among older residents, investments that increase social capital (e.g. community centers) might be warranted in neighborhoods with higher shares of older residents. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel