Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations
Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.006
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hatsukami, Dorothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassidy, Rachel N.;Colby, Suzanne M.;Hatsukami, Dorothy
背景资料：强制将香烟中的尼古丁含量降低到最低成瘾水平可能会大大降低美国的吸烟率。然而，人们对尼古丁含量降低的香烟对青少年的影响知之甚少。青少年每日吸烟者在一夜之间戒烟后，（15-19岁，n = 50）报告了他们在随意吸烟含有不同尼古丁含量的一支香烟前后的渴望、戒断以及积极和消极影响。（15.8，5.2，1.3和0.4毫克/克烟草）在实验室中，并报告了他们的主观评价的每支香烟。计算从吸烟前到吸烟后的一氧化碳（CO）增加，以确定低尼古丁香烟是否导致毒物暴露的不同急性变化。结果：所有四种尼古丁香烟类型均显著降低了戒断诱导的渴望、戒断和负面影响（所有p <0.05）。混合模型评估尼古丁含量的影响，尼古丁依赖水平和性别作为协变量，显示尼古丁含量对渴望和主观评价的显着影响：尼古丁含量越高，渴望的减少越多，积极和消极的主观评价都增加。尼古丁剂量对戒断症状，负面影响，或CO boost.Conclusions没有显着影响：这些结果表明，较低的尼古丁香烟可能会导致滥用倾向降低相比，尼古丁含量较高的香烟由于减少积极的主观影响，同时仍然减少戒断，在青少年。这些结果强调了这种政策方法的潜在可行性，并支持继续研究尼古丁减少政策如何影响青少年吸烟模式。
Background: Mandating a reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level could dramatically reduce smoking rates in the US. However, little is known about the effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes in adolescents.Methods: Following overnight abstinence, adolescent daily smokers (ages 15-19, n = 50) reported on their craving, withdrawal, and positive and negative affect pre- and post- ad lib smoking of one cigarette containing varying nicotine content (15.8, 5.2, 1.3 and 0.4 mg/g of tobacco) in the laboratory and reported their subjective evaluations of each cigarette. Carbon monoxide (CO) boost from pre- to post-cigarette was calculated to determine if lower-nicotine cigarettes led to differential acute changes in toxicant exposure.Results: All four nicotine cigarette types significantly reduced abstinence-induced craving, withdrawal, and negative affect (all p's < .05). Mixed models evaluating the effect of nicotine content, with nicotine dependence level and gender included as covariates, revealed a significant effect of nicotine content on craving and subjective evaluations: higher nicotine content resulted in greater reductions in craving and increases in both positive and negative subjective evaluations. There were no significant effects of nicotine dose on withdrawal symptoms, negative affect, or CO boost.Conclusions: These results suggest that lower nicotine cigarettes might result in reduced abuse liability compared to higher nicotine content cigarettes due to reduced positive subjective effects, while still reducing withdrawal, in adolescents. These results highlight the potential feasibility of this policy approach and support continued research on how a nicotine reduction policy may affect adolescent smoking patterns.