The potential of greenhouse sinks to underwrite improved land management
The potential of greenhouse sinks to underwrite improved land management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.09.025
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mann, S. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harper, R. J.;Beck, A. C.;Mann, S. S.
澳大利亚广大地区目前的农业系统是不可持续的，预计盐碱化将大幅增加，水质下降，风蚀和生物多样性丧失。众所周知，这些问题可以通过农田重新造林得到部分解决;然而，一个主要问题是为所需活动规模提供资金。对全球变暖的国际反应，即《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》，包括使缔约方能够利用温室汇（土壤和植被中的碳固存）履行其义务的条款。《京都议定书》还允许进行减排交易，这开辟了对碳汇的投资可能有助于实现更广泛的自然资源管理目标的可能性。本文件探讨了通过考虑以下因素改善西澳大利亚州碳汇发展带来的土地管理的可能性：（a）发展碳市场的可能性，以及由于目前的国家和国际政策，该市场可能达到的深度，（B）可用于提供不同类型汇的估计数的现有数据，以及（c）大规模汇投资可能带来的好处。据估计，在16.8 Mha的已清除农田上重新造林，可吸收的碳总量为2200 Mt CO2 -e，通过减少94.8百万公顷牧场的库存，二氧化碳排放量在2.9亿吨至11.7亿吨之间。没有足够的数据来估计耕作制度中耕作做法的改变或已经盐碱化的土地的重新植被之后的固存情况。我们的结论是，只有当碳价格达到15澳元/吨CO2-e时，碳汇才有可能作为一个大规模的独立企业盈利，这个阈值随着碳产量和项目成本的变化而变化。低于这一价格，它们的价值可能很大，可以作为旨在提供其他产品（木材、纸浆、生物能源）以及土地和水保护效益的重新造林计划的辅助手段。尽管如此，碳汇提供了一个机会，既可以以最低成本的方式固碳，又可以改善土壤和流域管理。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The current agricultural systems of broad areas of Australia are unsustainable, with large projected increases in salinization, decreases in water quality, wind erosion, and losses of biodiversity. It is well known that these problems can be partially resolved by farmland reforestation; however, a major issue is financing the scale of activity required. The international response to global warming, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, includes provisions that enable greenhouse sinks (sequestration of carbon in soils and vegetation) to be used by parties to fulfil their obligations. The Kyoto Protocol also allows for trading in emission reductions, and this opens the possibility that investment in carbon sinks may help underwrite broader natural resource management objectives. This paper examines the possibilities for improved land management in Western Australia arising from the development of carbon sinks by considering: (a) the likelihood of a carbon market developing and the likely depth of that market as a result of current national and international policies, (b) the data available to provide estimates on different types of sinks, and (c) the likely benefits of wide-scale sink investment.It was estimated that the total amount of carbon that could be sequestered by reforesting 16.8 Mha of cleared farmland is 2200 Mt CO2 -e, and between 290 and 1170 Mt CO2-e by destocking 94.8 Mha of rangelands. There were insufficient data to produce estimates of sequestration following changes in tillage practice in cropping systems or the revegetation of already salinized land. We conclude that carbon sinks are only likely to become profitable as a broad-scale stand-alone enterprise when carbon prices reach AUD$15/t CO2-e, with this threshold value varying with carbon yield and project costs. Below this price, their value can be significant as an adjunct to reforestation schemes that are aimed at providing other products (wood, pulp, bioenergy) and land and water conservation benefits. Irrespective of this, carbon sinks provide an opportunity to both sequester carbon in a least-cost fashion and improve soil and watershed management. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.