Redox control of p53 in the transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 target genes through SMAD cooperativity.

Redox control of p53 in the transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 target genes through SMAD cooperativity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.017
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发表时间:
2014-07
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Higgins PJ
Higgins PJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Overstreet JM;Samarakoon R;Meldrum KK;Higgins PJ

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转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1) 调节组织对损伤的反应,是导致纤维化和最终器官衰竭的过度疤痕的主要驱动因素。 TGF-β1 效应子 SMAD3 和 p53 是疾病进展的主要贡献者。虽然 SMAD3 是一种已确定的促纤维化因子,但 p53 在 TGF-β1 诱导的纤维化程序中的作用尚不清楚。 p53 基因沉默、基因消除/随后的拯救和药理学抑制证实,p53 是纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1 (PAI-1) 表达所必需的,PAI-1 是 TGF-β1 的主要靶基因,也是纤维化疾病的关键致病因素。 TGF-β1 通过刺激 p53Ser15 和 9 磷酸化和乙酰化来调节 p53 活性,促进与激活的 SMAD 的相互作用,以及随后 p53/SMAD3 与 HK-2 人肾小管上皮细胞和 HaCaT 人角质形成细胞中的 PAI-1 启动子的结合。免疫组织化学显示,梗阻肾的肾小管上皮中 SMAD3、p53 和 PAI-1 显着共诱导,这与 p53 和 SMAD 在 TGF-β1 驱动的肾纤维化中的潜在体内作用一致。此外,TGF-β1 引发的 p53Ser15 磷酸化和几种促纤维化基因表达的上调依赖于活性氧 (ROS) 的快速生成。 HK-2 细胞中 NADP(H) 氧化酶的 p22Phox 亚基的 shRNA 沉默部分减弱(超过 50%)p53Ser15 磷酸化和 PAI-1 诱导。这些研究强调了自由基在 p53 激活以及随后 TGF-β1 通过 SMAD3-p53 转录轴进行促纤维化重编程中的作用。目前的研究结果为在与肾纤维化相关的异常 TGF-β1 信号传导中靶向 SMAD3-p53 的治疗提供了理论基础。
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates the tissue response to injury and is the principal driver of excessive scarring leading to fibrosis and eventual organ failure. The TGF-β1 effectors SMAD3 and p53 are major contributors to disease progression. While SMAD3 is an established pro-fibrotic factor, the role of p53 in the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic program is not clear. p53 gene silencing, genetic ablation/subsequent rescue, and pharmacological inhibition confirmed that p53 was required for expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major TGF-β1 target gene and a key causative element in fibrotic disorders. TGF-β1 regulated p53 activity by stimulating p53Ser15 and 9 phosphorylation and acetylation, promoting interactions with activated SMADs and subsequent binding of p53/SMAD3 to the PAI-1 promoter in HK-2 human renal tubular epithelial cells and HaCaT human keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry revealed prominent co-induction of SMAD3, p53 and PAI-1 in the tubular epithelium of the obstructed kidney consistent with a potential in vivo role for p53 and SMADs in TGF-β1-driven renal fibrosis. TGF-β1-initiated phosphorylation of p53Ser15 and up-regulation of expression of several pro-fibrotic genes, moreover, was dependent on the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). shRNA silencing of the p22Phox subunit of NADP(H) oxidases in HK-2 cells partially attenuated (over 50%) p53Ser15 phosphorylation and PAI-1 induction. These studies highlight the role of free radicals in p53 activation and subsequent pro-fibrotic reprogramming by TGF-β1 via the SMAD3-p53 transcriptional axis. Present findings provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of SMAD3-p53 in aberrant TGF-β1 signaling associated with renal fibrosis.
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