Incorporation of a cost of deliberation time in perceptual decision making.
Incorporation of a cost of deliberation time in perceptual decision making.
复制标题
将审议时间成本纳入感知决策中。
DOI：
10.1101/2024.01.31.578067
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shadlen,MichaelN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kira,Shinichiro;Zylberberg,Ariel;Shadlen,MichaelN
许多决策得益于随着时间的推移而连续获得的证据的积累。在这种情况下，决策者必须在速度和准确性之间进行权衡，这种权衡的性质决定了相互竞争的需求和成本，特别是与时间流逝有关的需求和成本。实现这种平衡的神经机制是以适当的单位积累证据，并在积累了足够的证据时终止审议。为了顾及时间成本，有人假设，终止一项决定的标准可能随着时间的推移而变得宽松。在这里，我们测试了这一假设，操纵知觉选择反应时间任务的时间成本。受试者在动态随机点显示中辨别运动方向，不同试验的难度不同。每次试验后，他们都会收到基于他们做出正确或错误选择的分数形式的反馈。他们被要求在单位时间内最大化他们的分数。参与者不知道的是，在实验进行到一半的时候，如果他们在临时截止日期前没有做出决定，我们会取消一小部分试验，从而增加时间压力。虽然这种操纵取消了不到5%的试验，但它诱导参与者做出更快的决定，同时降低了他们的决策准确性。选择和反应时间的模式被解释为有界漂移扩散。在实验的所有阶段，停止界限被发现下降作为时间的函数，与最优解一致，这种下降被夸大的时间成本操纵。
Many decisions benefit from the accumulation of evidence obtained sequentially over time. In such circumstances, the decision maker must balance speed against accuracy, and the nature of this tradeoff mediates competing desiderata and costs, especially those associated with the passage of time. A neural mechanism to achieve this balance is to accumulate evidence in suitable units and to terminate the deliberation when enough evidence has accrued. To accommodate time costs, it has been hypothesized that the criterion to terminate a decision may become lax as a function of time. Here we tested this hypothesis by manipulating the cost of time in a perceptual choice-reaction time task. Participants discriminated the direction of motion in a dynamic random-dot display, which varied in difficulty across trials. After each trial, they received feedback in the form of points based on whether they made a correct or erroneous choice. They were instructed to maximize their points per unit of time. Unbeknownst to the participants, halfway through the experiment, we increased the time pressure by canceling a small fraction of trials if they had not made a decision by a provisional deadline. Although the manipulation canceled less than 5% of trials, it induced the participants to make faster decisions while lowering their decision accuracy. The pattern of choices and reaction times were explained by bounded drift-diffusion. In all phases of the experiment, stopping bounds were found to decline as a function of time, consistent with the optimal solution, and this decline was exaggerated in response to the time-cost manipulation.