Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and 3D Cell Culture
Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and 3D Cell Culture
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-60761-984-0_2
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Migliaresi, Claudio
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文献类型：
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作者：
Carletti, Eleonora;Motta, Antonella;Migliaresi, Claudio
在组织工程应用中，甚至在3D细胞培养中，细胞与支架之间的生物串扰是由材料特性和支架特性控制的。为了诱导细胞粘附、增殖和活化，用于制造支架的材料必须具有内在的生物相容性和适当的化学成分等要求，以诱导细胞的分子生物识别。材料、支架力学性能和降解动力学应适应具体的组织工程应用，以保证所需的力学功能和完成新组织的形成速度。对于支架来说，孔隙分布、暴露表面积和孔隙率起着主要作用，它们的数量和分布影响着细胞在支架体积内的渗透和渗透速度，影响着所产生的细胞外基质的结构，对于组织工程应用来说，影响着再生过程的最终有效性。根据制造工艺的不同，可以获得不同结构的支架，具有随机或定制的孔隙分布。近年来，计算机控制的快速成型技术已被应用于制造具有有序几何结构的支架。本章回顾了用于制造支架和支架制造工艺的主要聚合物材料，并举例说明了其性能和选定的应用。
In tissue engineering applications or even in 3D cell cultures, the biological cross talk between cells and the scaffold is controlled by the material properties and scaffold characteristics. In order to induce cell adhesion, proliferation, and activation, materials used for the fabrication of scaffolds must possess requirements such as intrinsic biocompatibility and proper chemistry to induce molecular biorecognition from cells. Materials, scaffold mechanical properties and degradation kinetics should be adapted to the specific tissue engineering application to guarantee the required mechanical functions and to accomplish the rate of the new-tissue formation. For scaffolds, pore distribution, exposed surface area, and porosity play a major role, whose amount and distribution influence the penetration and the rate of penetration of cells within the scaffold volume, the architecture of the produced extracellular matrix, and for tissue engineering applications, the final effectiveness of the regenerative process. Depending on the fabrication process, scaffolds with different architecture can be obtained, with random or tailored pore distribution. In the recent years, rapid prototyping computer-controlled techniques have been applied to the fabrication of scaffolds with ordered geometry. This chapter reviews the principal polymeric materials that arc used for the fabrication of scaffolds and the scaffold fabrication processes, with examples of properties and selected applications.