Background paper: functions of coronavirus glycoproteins.
Background paper: functions of coronavirus glycoproteins.
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背景论文：冠状病毒糖蛋白的功能。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-5823-7_2
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Williams,RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holmes,KV;Williams,RK
对于冠状病毒，糖蛋白具有历史和生物学意义 (1,2)。由于某些冠状病毒难以分离和传播，其特征性的大花瓣状尖刺首先使得冠状病毒被鉴定为一个共同家族中的相关病原体。病毒糖蛋白在冠状病毒的整个生命周期中发挥着重要作用。病毒糖蛋白与宿主细胞膜上的受体相互作用，并且是通过病毒包膜与质膜或内体膜融合而将病毒基因组渗透到细胞中所必需的。在病毒感染的细胞中，冠状病毒糖蛋白可能被糖基化、酰化、寡聚化、被蛋白酶切割成亚基，并被转运到特定的膜区室。病毒糖蛋白参与病毒粒子的组装，病毒糖蛋白在细胞内的位置可能决定冠状病毒出芽的位置。受感染细胞表面的病毒糖蛋白可能允许与邻近细胞融合，并且可能使细胞对免疫细胞溶解或细胞介导的细胞毒性敏感，或者允许血细胞吸附。病毒糖蛋白的表位可以通过中和性、非中和性或血凝抑制抗体来识别。因此，阐明冠状病毒糖蛋白的结构和功能对于理解冠状病毒的复制周期和发病机制至关重要。
For coronaviruses, the glycoproteins have both historical and biological significance (1,2). Because some coronaviruses were difficult to isolate and propagate, their characteristic large, petal-shaped spikes first allowed coronaviruses to be identified as related agents in a common family. Viral glycoproteins play important roles throughout the life cycle of coronaviruses. Viral glycoproteins interact with receptors on the host cell membrane and are required for penetration of the viral genome into cells by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane or endosomal membranes. In virus-infected cells, Coronavirus glycoproteins may be glycosylated, acylated, oligomerized, cleaved into subunits by proteases, and transported to specific membrane compartments. The viral glycoproteins participate in assembly of virions, and the intracellular location of viral glycoproteins may determine the location of Coronavirus budding. Viral glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells may permit fusion with adjacent cells, and may make the cell susceptible to immune cytolysis or cell-mediated cytotoxicity, or permit hemadsorption. Epitopes of viral glycoproteins may be recognized by neutralizing, non-neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. Thus, elucidation of the structure and functions of Coronavirus glycoproteins is of central importance in understanding the replicative cycle and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.