Monitoring groundwater quality with real-time data, stable water isotopes, and microbial community analysis: A comparison with conventional methods
Monitoring groundwater quality with real-time data, stable water isotopes, and microbial community analysis: A comparison with conventional methods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161199
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发表时间：
2022-12-28
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Miettinen, Ilkka T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lyons, Kevin J.;Ikonen, Jenni;Miettinen, Ilkka T.
地下水提供了世界上大部分的饮用水。然而，地下水质量监测方案往往依赖于定期人工采样和实验室分析的零星、缓慢和集中的组合，因此一些水质缺陷没有被发现，或者发现得太晚，无法防止不利后果。为了解决这一缺陷，我们在芬兰的四个供应饮用水的浅井中对未经处理的地下水质量进行了为期12个月(2019年2月至2020年2月)的强化监测。我们补充了定期的人工采样和实验室分析，包括(I)物理化学和水文参数的实时在线监测，(Ii)地下水和附近地表水的稳定水同位素分析，以及(Iii)通过16S rRNA基因和16S rRNA的扩增序列对地下水进行微生物群落分析。我们还开发了一个预警系统(EWS)，通过自动化实时在线监测数据的收集、传输和分析来检测水质异常-使用电导率(EC)和浊度作为间接水质指标。实时在线监测测量与定期人工测量基本一致，表明它们对监测水质有用；常规监测、稳定水同位素和微生物群落分析的结果显示，一些研究地点有地表水入侵和粪便污染的迹象。随着未来在技术和负担能力方面的进一步进步，可以更广泛地实施这里使用的补充方法，以通过提供新的见解和/或证实常规分析的结果来加强地下水质量监测。
Groundwater provides much of the world's potable water. Nevertheless, groundwater quality monitoring programmes often rely on a sporadic, slow, and narrowly focused combination of periodic manual sampling and laboratory analyses, such that some water quality deficiencies go undetected, or are detected too late to prevent adverse consequences. In an effort to address this shortcoming, we conducted enhanced monitoring of untreated groundwater quality over 12 months (February 2019-February 2020) in four shallow wells supplying potable water in Finland. We supplemented periodic manual sampling and laboratory analyses with (i) real-time online monitoring of physicochemical and hydrological parameters, (ii) analysis of stable water isotopes from groundwater and nearby surface waters, and (iii) microbial community analysis of groundwater via amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA. We also developed an early warning system (EWS) for detecting water quality anomalies by automating real-time online monitoring data collection, transfer, and analysis - using electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity as indirect water quality indicators. Real-time online monitoring measurements were largely in fair agreement with periodic manual measurements, demonstrating their usefulness for monitoring water quality; and the findings of conventional monitoring, stable water isotopes, and microbial community analysis revealed indications of surface water intrusion and faecal contamination at some of the studied sites. With further advances in technology and affordability expected into the future, the supplementary methods used here could be more widely implemented to enhance groundwater quality monitoring - by contributing new insights and/or corroborating the findings of conventional analyses.