Reasoning strategies: the role of working memory and verbal-spatial ability
Reasoning strategies: the role of working memory and verbal-spatial ability
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DOI：
10.1080/09541440701807559
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Newstead, Stephen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bacon, Alison M.;Handley, Simon J.;Newstead, Stephen E.
越来越多的证据表明，推理任务所采用的策略存在个体差异，这些策略在本质上要么是口头命题，要么是视觉空间。然而，这些策略的认知基础仍然不确定。实验一考察了工作记忆资源的使用与三段论推理策略选择之间的关系。言语和空间策略的使用者没有不同的工作记忆容量，但验证性因素分析表明，而言语推理主要是利用言语工作记忆，空间推理使用这两个空间资源。实验2探讨了策略与言语和空间能力之间的关系。尽管策略组的整体能力相似，但回归分析表明，空间能力测量（范登堡心理旋转任务）的表现可以预测演绎推理的表现，但仅适用于空间策略使用者。研究结果提供了趋同的证据，言语和空间策略的基础上的基本认知因素的相关差异，绘制差异的工作记忆和空间能力的子组件。
Evidence increasingly suggests individual differences in strategies adopted on reasoning tasks and that these are either verbal-propositional or visuospatial in nature. However, the cognitive foundations of these strategies remain uncertain. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between the use of working memory resources and strategy selection for syllogistic reasoning. Verbal and spatial strategy users did not differ on working memory capacity, but confirmatory factor analysis indicated that while verbal reasoners draw primarily on verbal working memory, spatial reasoners use both this and spatial resources. Experiment 2 investigated the relationship between strategies and verbal and spatial abilities. Although strategy groups were similar in overall ability, regression analysis showed that performance on a spatial ability measure (Vandenberg mental rotation task) predicted syllogistic reasoning performance, but only for spatial strategy users. The findings provide converging evidence that verbal and spatial strategies are underpinned by related differences in fundamental cognitive factors, drawing differentially on the subcomponents of working memory and on spatial ability.