Association of Methamphetamine and Opioid Use With Nonfatal Overdose in Rural Communities.
Association of Methamphetamine and Opioid Use With Nonfatal Overdose in Rural Communities.
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DOI:
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26544
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发表时间:
2022-08-01
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
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How frequently are methamphetamine and opioid use associated with nonfatal overdose in rural communities? In this cross-sectional, multistate study of rural communities, 79% of people using drugs reported past-30-day methamphetamine use; nonfatal overdose was greatest in people using both methamphetamine and opioids (22%) vs opioids alone (14%), or methamphetamine alone (6%). People using both substances reported the least access to treatment; only 17% of those using methamphetamine alone had naloxone. These findings suggest that harm reduction and substance use disorder treatment interventions must address methamphetamine use as well as opioids to decrease overdose in rural communities. This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of methamphetamine use and its correlates among people who use drugs in rural US communities. Overdoses continue to increase in the US, but the contribution of methamphetamine use is understudied in rural communities. To estimate the prevalence of methamphetamine use and its correlates among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural US communities and to determine whether methamphetamine use is associated with increased nonfatal overdoses. From January 2018 through March 2020, the National Rural Opioid Initiative conducted cross-sectional surveys of PWUD in rural communities in 10 states (Illinois, Kentucky, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants included rural PWUD who reported any past-30-day injection drug use or noninjection opioid use to get high. A modified chain-referral sampling strategy identified seeds who referred others using drugs. Data analysis was performed from May 2021 to January 2022. Use of methamphetamine alone, opioids alone, or both. Unweighted and weighted prevalence of methamphetamine use, any past-180-day nonfatal overdose, and number of lifetime nonfatal overdoses. Among the 3048 participants, 1737 (57%) were male, 2576 (85%) were White, and 225 (7.4%) were American Indian; the mean (SD) age was 36 (10) years. Most participants (1878 of 2970 participants with any opioid or methamphetamine use [63%]) reported co-use of methamphetamine and opioids, followed by opioids alone (702 participants [24%]), and methamphetamine alone (390 participants [13%]). The estimated unweighted prevalence of methamphetamine use was 80% (95% CI, 64%-90%), and the estimated weighted prevalence was 79% (95% CI, 57%-91%). Nonfatal overdose was greatest in people using both methamphetamine and opioids (395 of 2854 participants with nonmissing overdose data [22%]) vs opioids alone (99 participants [14%]) or methamphetamine alone (23 participants [6%]). Co-use of methamphetamine and opioids was associated with greater nonfatal overdose compared with opioid use alone (adjusted odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.94; P = .01) and methamphetamine use alone (adjusted odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.06-5.14; P < .001). Those with co-use had a mean (SD) of 2.4 (4.2) (median [IQR], 1 [0-3]) lifetime overdoses compared with 1.7 (3.5) (median [IQR], 0 [0-2]) among those using opioids alone (adjusted rate ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43; P = .04), and 1.1 (2.9) (median [IQR], 0 [0-1]) among those using methamphetamine alone (adjusted rate ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.45-2.27; P < .001). Participants with co-use most often reported having tried and failed to access substance use treatment: 827 participants (44%) for both, 117 participants (30%) for methamphetamine alone, and 252 participants (36%) for opioids alone (χ22 = 33.8; P < .001). Only 66 participants (17%) using methamphetamine alone had naloxone. These findings suggest that harm reduction and substance use disorder treatment interventions must address both methamphetamine and opioids to decrease overdose in rural communities.
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影响因子:
4.2
作者:
Joudrey PJ;Chadi N;Roy P;Morford KL;Bach P;Kimmel S;Wang EA;Calcaterra SL
通讯作者:
Calcaterra SL
影响因子:
2.6
作者:
Morales DA;Barksdale CL;Beckel-Mitchener AC
通讯作者:
Beckel-Mitchener AC
影响因子:
2.7
作者:
Dai, Zheng;Abate, Marie A.;Smith, Gordon S.
通讯作者:
Smith, Gordon S.
DOI:
10.1111/ajad.13115
发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
The American journal on addictions
影响因子:
--
作者:
Glick SN;Klein KS;Tinsley J;Golden MR
通讯作者:
Golden MR
影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Becker SJ;Murphy CM;Hartzler B;Rash CJ;Janssen T;Roosa M;Madden LM;Garner BR
通讯作者:
Garner BR