Elimination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater by an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors
Elimination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater by an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors
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DOI：
10.1021/es061684z
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发表时间：
2007-05-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Watanabe, Yoshimasa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kimura, Katsuki;Hara, Hiroe;Watanabe, Yoshimasa
采用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）联用技术，研究了活性污泥系统和膜生物反应器（MBR）对真实的污水处理厂中氯贝酸、双氯芬酸、布洛芬、酮洛芬、甲芬那酸和萘普生等6种酸性药物的去除效果。目前，一些受试药物的信息有限。污水处理厂和两个MBR的固体保留时间（SRT）分别为7、15和65天。消除速率因化合物而异。与真实的植物相比，MBR对所检查药物的消除率更高。药物的去除率对SRT的依赖性是明显的;以65天的较长SRT运行的MBR明显表现出比以15天的较短SRT运行的MBR更好的性能。在酮洛芬和双氯芬酸的消除方面，两种MBR之间的差异尤其显著。通过测定污泥对药物的吸附量和好氧间歇消除实验，研究了药物的消除途径。间歇消除试验结果表明，MBR中的污泥具有较大的比吸附容量，这主要是由于其较大的比表面积。尽管污泥的吸附能力，在调查过程中的药物消除的主要机制被发现是生物降解。双氯芬酸的生物降解被认为是难降解的，似乎发生得非常缓慢。
The elimination of six acidic pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and naproxen) in a real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) was investigated by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system for measurement of the compounds. Limited information is available for some of the tested pharmaceuticals at present. Solid retention times (SRTs) of the WWTP and the two MBRs were 7, 15, and 65 days, respectively. The elimination rates varied from compound to compound. The MBRs exhibited greater elimination rates for the examined pharmaceuticals than did the real plant. Dependency of the elimination rates of the pharmaceuticals on SRTs was obvious; the MBR operated with a longer SRT of 65 days clearly showed better performance than did the MBR with a shorter SRT of 15 days. The difference between the two MBRs was particularly significant in terms of elimination of ketoprofen and diclofenac. Measurements of the amounts of adsorbed pharmaceuticals on the sludge and aerobic batch elimination experiments were carried out to investigate the elimination pathways of the pharmaceuticals. Results of the batch elimination tests revealed that the sludges in the MBRs had large specific sorption capacities mainly due to their large specific surface areas. Despite the sorption capacities of sludges, the main mechanism of elimination of the pharmaceuticals in the investigated processes was found to be biodegradation. Biodegradation of diclofenac, which has been believed to be refractory to biodegradation, seemed to occur very slowly.