REVERSAL LEARNING AND FORMATION OF LEARNING SETS BY CATS AND RHESUS MONKEYS
REVERSAL LEARNING AND FORMATION OF LEARNING SETS BY CATS AND RHESUS MONKEYS
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DOI：
10.1037/h0023269
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发表时间：
1966-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
WARREN, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
WARREN, JM
两组 8 只猫和 5 只猴子中的一组接受了 60 次单一辨别逆转的训练，然后接受了 80 种不同视觉辨别问题的标准训练，其中物体线索相关而位置线索无关；对于其他人来说，位置线索是相关的，而物体线索是无关的。在没有事先进行逆转训练的情况下进行测试，两个实验组的猴子在多个问题系列上犯的错误都明显少于 5 只对照猴子。在实验猫和 11 只对照猫之间没有观察到差异转移效应。哺乳动物物种在任务间转移方面存在很大差异；经过反复逆转训练的猴子似乎获得了一种“赢-停留，输-转移”策略，有利于学习集的形成，而猫却没有。
One of 2 groups of 8 cats and of 5 monkeys was trained on 60 reversals of a single discrimination before being trained to criterion on 80 different visual discrimination problems with object cues relevant and position cues irrelvant; for the others positional cues were relevant and object cues irrelevant. Both experimental groups of monkeys made significantly fewer errors on the multiple problem series than 5 control monkeys, tested without prior reversal training. No differential transfer effects were observed among experimentals and 11 control cats. Mammalian species differ greatly with respect to intertask transfer; monkeys trained on repeated reversals seemed to acquire a "win-stay, lose-shift" strategy that facilitated formation of learning sets, and cats did not.